Table 2.
Regression coefficients and odds ratios for both the dichotomous and continuous expert-based prognostic model for persistent shoulder pain
| Expert-based model, dichotomous predictors | Expert-based model, continuous predictors | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictors | categorya | β (SE) | OR (95% CI) | Category | β (SE) | OR (95% CI) |
| Symptom duration | >11 weeks | 0.654 (0.183) | 1.92 (1.34 - 2.75) | <6 weeksb | ||
| presence of the current shoulder pain | 6-11 weeks | 0.600 (0.236) | 1.82 (1.15 - 2.89) | |||
| problem for a period of | >11 weeks | 0.898 (0.213) | 2.45 (1.61 - 3.73) | |||
| Pain catastrophizing | NRS (0-10) >4 | 0.549 (0.184) | 1.73 (1.21 - 2.48) | NRS (0-10) | 0.092 (0.032) | 1.10 (1.03 - 1.17) |
| believing shoulder pain to be permanent rather than temporary | ||||||
| Symptom history | yes | 0.188 (0.181) | 1.21 (0.85 - 1.72) | yes | 0.210 (0.185) | 1.23 (0.86 - 1.77) |
| experienced earlier episode(s) of shoulder pain | ||||||
| Fear-avoidance beliefs | NRS (0-10) >7 | -0.031 (0.180) | 0.97 (0.68 - 1.38) | NRS (0-10) | -0.003 (0.028) | 0.99 (0.94 - 1.05) |
| believing activity will worsen the shoulder pain | ||||||
| Coexisting neck pain | yes | -0.067 (0.207) | 0.93 (0.62 - 1.40) | yes | -0.066 (0.211) | 0.94 (0.62 - 1.41) |
| additional neck pain during the current shoulder pain period | ||||||
| Severity of shoulder disability | yes | 0.130 (0.178) | 1.14 (0.80 - 1.61) | score (0-20) | -0.032 (0.021) | 0.97 (0.93 - 1.01) |
| being unable to perform normal daily activities in the past week or for a longer period of time | ||||||
| Multisite pain | yes | 0.294 (0.219) | 1.34 (0.87 - 2.06) | yes | 0.378 (0.223) | 1.46 (0.94 - 2.26) |
| pain or stiffness in other areas than the afflicted shoulder | ||||||
| Age | >52 years | 0.275 (0.176) | 1.32 (0.93 - 1.86) | years | 0.015 (0.007) | 1.01 (1.00 - 1.03) |
| Shoulder pain intensity | NRS (0-10) > 5 | -0.388 (0.186) | 0.68 (0.47 - 0.98) | NRS (0-10) | -0.150 (0.044) | 0.86 (0.79 - 0.94) |
| shoulder pain experienced in the last 24 hours | ||||||
| Illness perceptions | yes | 0.144 (0.177) | 1.15 (0.81 - 1.63) | yes | 0.148 (0.181) | 1.16 (0.81 - 1.65) |
| believing there is not a lot the person can do to control the shoulder pain intercept | -1.078 (0.226) | -1.119 (0.565) | ||||
Predictors from the third Delphi round together with their suggested formulations as indicated by the expert panel
B = regression coefficient estimate
SE = standard error of regression coefficient estimate
OR = odds ratio
95% CI = 95% confidence interval for the odds ratio
a predictors were dichotomized by using median split value scores
b reference category