Table 6.
Functional balance testing results observed over time
| Variable | 0 | Weeks 10 |
14 | Group | p-level Time |
G × T |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sit to Stand Function | ||||||
| Weight Transfer (sec) | 0.377 ± 0.18 | 0.355 ± 0.17 | 0.370 ± 0.22 | 0.80 | 0.91 | 0.89 |
| Rising Index (% body weight) | 16.6 ± 4.3 | 18.6 ± 5.7 | 18.2 ± 5.6 | 0.97 | 0.13 | 0.34 |
| Sway Velocity (deg/sec) | 4.63 ± 1.3 | 4.56 ± 1.1 | 4.62 ± 1.2 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.12 |
| Step Up and Over Knee Function | ||||||
| Lift-up Index - RL (% body weight) | 41.2 ± 9.2 | 43.6 ± 9.7 | 44.5 ± 8.6† | 0.90 | 0.01 | 0.71 |
| Lift-up Index - LL (% body weight) | 34.7 ± 8.5 | 37.4 ± 8.1 | 38.9 ± 7.2† | 0.70 | 0.002 | 0.50 |
| Impact Index - RL (% body weight) | 48.7 ± 11.2 | 48.4 ± 12.1 | 48.3 ± 10.9 | 0.91 | 0.70 | 0.77 |
| Impact Index - LL (% body weight) | 52.1 ± 10.6 | 52.4 ± 13.5 | 54.5 ± 14.1 | 0.84 | 0.22 | 0.47 |
| Movement Time - RL (sec) | 1.73 ± 0.3 | 1.55 ± 0.2† | 1.47 ± 0.2† | 0.83 | 0.001 | 0.07 |
| Movement Time - LL (sec) | 1.76 ± 0.3 | 1.60 ± 0.5† | 1.49 ± 0.3† | 0.98 | 0.002 | 0.68 |
| Forward Lunge Knee Function | ||||||
| Distance - RL (% body height) | 43.2 ± 7 | 45.6 ± 7† | 46.3 ± 7† | 0.14 | 0.001 | 0.75 |
| Distance - LL (% body height) | 42.5 ± 5 | 45.7 ± 7† | 46.2 ± 7† | 0.24 | 0.001 | 0.49 |
| Impact Index - RL (% body weight) | 18.5 ± 5 | 19.0 ± 7 | 18.6 ± 5 | 0.65 | 0.76 | 0.77 |
| Impact Index - LL (% body weight) | 14.0 ± 5 | 16.4 ± 7 | 15.7 ± 5 | 0.86 | 0.15 | 0.97 |
| Contact Time - RL (sec) | 1.664 ± 0.5 | 1.344 ± 0.3† | 1.359 ± 0.4† | 0.57 | 0.001 | 0.81 |
| Contact Time - LL (sec) | 1.641 ± 0.7 | 1.347 ± 0.4† | 1.310 ± 0.4† | 0.64 | 0.002 | 0.98 |
| Force Impulse - RL (% body weight/sec) | 168 ± 53 | 139 ± 36† | 141 ± 38† | 0.61 | 0.001 | 0. 59 |
| Force Impulse - LL (% body weight/sec) | 162 ± 65 | 136 ± 33† | 132 ± 37† | 0.62 | 0.002 | 0. 99 |
Data are means ± standard deviations for time main effects. RL = right leg, LL = left leg, G = group, T = time. † Indicates p < 0.05 difference from baseline.