Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard ratio regression model of mortality risk considering relative age-related confounding factors
| Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | HR | (95% CI for HR) | P value | HR | (95% CI for HR) | P value |
| Age | ||||||
| < 65 years | (Reference) | (Reference) | ||||
| ≧65 years | 5.63 | (2.48 - 12.76) | < .001* | 1.09 | (0.80 - 1.48) | 0.585 |
| Gender1 | ||||||
| Females | (Reference) | (Reference) | ||||
| Males | 1.94 | (0.84 - 4.51) | 0.122 | 1.24 | (0.98 - 1.57) | 0.070 |
| Substance1 | ||||||
| Clean detergent | 1.79 | (0.43 - 7.49) | 0.428 | - | ||
| HCl | 2.72 | (0.79 - 9.38) | 0.114 | - | ||
| Other | (Reference) | - | ||||
| Acid/alkaline1 | ||||||
| Acid | (Reference) | - | ||||
| Alkaline | 1.36 | (0.57 - 3.24) | 0.485 | - | ||
| Unknown | 1.84 | (0.47 - 8.23) | 0.426 | - | ||
| Grade1 | ||||||
| 1 | 0 | (0 - 7.75 × 10302) | 0.970 | 1.90 | (1.29 - 2.80) | 0.001* |
| 2a/2b | 0.19 | (0.06 - 0.57) | 0.003* | 0.88 | (0.64 - 1.20) | 0.404 |
| 3a | 0.12 | (0.02 - 0.87) | 0.037* | 1.18 | (0.82 - 1.70) | 0.366 |
| 3b | (Reference) | (Reference) | ||||
| Most severe site of damage observed by endoscopy1 | ||||||
| Esophagus | (Reference) | - | ||||
| Stomach | 1.00 | (0.33 - 3.08) | 0.994 | - | ||
| Duodenum | 2.92 | (0.78 - 10.86) | 0.111 | - | ||
| Furthest location reached by endoscope1 | ||||||
| Esophagus | (Reference) | (Reference) | ||||
| Stomach | 0.14 | (0.03 - 0.73) | 0.019* | 0.90 | (0.33 - 2.49) | 0.839 |
| Duodenum | 0.06 | (0.16 - 0.22) | < .001* | 0.64 | (0.25 - 1.59) | 0.334 |
| Suicide/Accident1 | ||||||
| Suicide | 4.34 | (1.02 - 18.50) | 0.047* | 1.19 | (0.92 - 1.54) | 0.187 |
| Accident | (Reference) | (Reference) | ||||
| Systemic complications1 | 26.44 | (7.69 - 90.90) | < .001* | - | ||
| Aspiration pneumonia1 | 1.15 | (0.82 - 1.63) | 0.423 | 0.93 | (0.59 - 1.47) | 0.750 |
| Respiratory failure1 | 2.14 | (1.35 - 3.39) | 0.001 | 1.78 | (0.99 - 3.22) | 0.055 |
| DIC1 | 1.38 | (0.62 - 3.11) | 0.434 | 1.18 | (0.48 - 2.90) | 0.724 |
| Hepatic1 | 2.37 | (1.29 - 4.36) | 0.006 | 2.69 | (1.41 - 5.13) | 0.003* |
| GI complications1 | 2.85 | (1.26 - 6.48) | 0.012* | 0.76 | (0.54 - 1.05) | 0.094 |
| Fever1 | 7.36 | (2.96 - 18.25) | < .001* | 0.63 | (0.39 - 1.03) | 0.063 |
| Antibiotic usage1 | 14.12 | (4.13 - 48.19) | < .001* | 1.87 | (1.18 - 2.97) | 0.008* |
| Psychological comorbidity1 | 1.43 | (0.63 - 3.29) | 0.395 | - | ||
| Systemic comorbidiy1 | 1.54 | (0.60 - 3.97) | 0.375 | - | ||
1The age classification was adjusted to avoid selection bias due to age.
* P value < 0.05
DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation