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. 2011 Jun 14;11:72. doi: 10.1186/1471-230X-11-72

Table 3.

Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard ratio regression model of mortality risk considering relative age-related confounding factors

Univariate Multivariate

Variables HR (95% CI for HR) P value HR (95% CI for HR) P value
Age
 < 65 years (Reference) (Reference)
 ≧65 years 5.63 (2.48 - 12.76) < .001* 1.09 (0.80 - 1.48) 0.585
Gender1
 Females (Reference) (Reference)
 Males 1.94 (0.84 - 4.51) 0.122 1.24 (0.98 - 1.57) 0.070
Substance1
 Clean detergent 1.79 (0.43 - 7.49) 0.428 -
 HCl 2.72 (0.79 - 9.38) 0.114 -
 Other (Reference) -
Acid/alkaline1
 Acid (Reference) -
 Alkaline 1.36 (0.57 - 3.24) 0.485 -
 Unknown 1.84 (0.47 - 8.23) 0.426 -
Grade1
 1 0 (0 - 7.75 × 10302) 0.970 1.90 (1.29 - 2.80) 0.001*
 2a/2b 0.19 (0.06 - 0.57) 0.003* 0.88 (0.64 - 1.20) 0.404
 3a 0.12 (0.02 - 0.87) 0.037* 1.18 (0.82 - 1.70) 0.366
 3b (Reference) (Reference)
Most severe site of damage observed by endoscopy1
 Esophagus (Reference) -
 Stomach 1.00 (0.33 - 3.08) 0.994 -
 Duodenum 2.92 (0.78 - 10.86) 0.111 -
Furthest location reached by endoscope1
 Esophagus (Reference) (Reference)
 Stomach 0.14 (0.03 - 0.73) 0.019* 0.90 (0.33 - 2.49) 0.839
 Duodenum 0.06 (0.16 - 0.22) < .001* 0.64 (0.25 - 1.59) 0.334
Suicide/Accident1
 Suicide 4.34 (1.02 - 18.50) 0.047* 1.19 (0.92 - 1.54) 0.187
 Accident (Reference) (Reference)
Systemic complications1 26.44 (7.69 - 90.90) < .001* -
 Aspiration pneumonia1 1.15 (0.82 - 1.63) 0.423 0.93 (0.59 - 1.47) 0.750
 Respiratory failure1 2.14 (1.35 - 3.39) 0.001 1.78 (0.99 - 3.22) 0.055
 DIC1 1.38 (0.62 - 3.11) 0.434 1.18 (0.48 - 2.90) 0.724
 Hepatic1 2.37 (1.29 - 4.36) 0.006 2.69 (1.41 - 5.13) 0.003*
 GI complications1 2.85 (1.26 - 6.48) 0.012* 0.76 (0.54 - 1.05) 0.094
 Fever1 7.36 (2.96 - 18.25) < .001* 0.63 (0.39 - 1.03) 0.063
 Antibiotic usage1 14.12 (4.13 - 48.19) < .001* 1.87 (1.18 - 2.97) 0.008*
 Psychological comorbidity1 1.43 (0.63 - 3.29) 0.395 -
 Systemic comorbidiy1 1.54 (0.60 - 3.97) 0.375 -

1The age classification was adjusted to avoid selection bias due to age.

* P value < 0.05

DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation