Table 3.

Exposure response between early-life arsenic and lung function residuals (observed minus predicted) and percent of age-, sex-, and height-predicted values (mean ± SD)

	Peak arsenic before age 10
	<50 μg/l (n = 45)	50–250 μg/l (n = 20)	>800 μg/l (n = 32)
Percent predicted FEV1	98.2 ± 14.6	91.2 ± 11.0	88.1 ± 18.3
Percent predicted FVC	103.6 ± 16.7	98.2 ± 10.0	94.7 ± 15.3
FEV1 residual (ml)	−63 ± 443	−270 ± 314	−375 ± 611
FVC residual (ml)	103 ± 584	−54 ± 380	−226 ± 614

	50–250 compared to <50 μg/l				>800 compared to <50 μg/l				P trendb
	Crude		Adjusteda		Crude		Adjusteda		Crude	Adjusteda
	Diff.	P value	Diff.	P value	Diff.	P value	Diff.	P value
Percent predicted FEV1	−7.0	0.03	−4.6	0.18	−10.0	0.005	−11.5	0.04	0.005	0.03
Percent predicted FVC	−5.3	0.10	−2.7	0.32	−8.8	0.01	−12.2	0.04	0.008	0.03
FEV1 residual (ml)	−208	0.03	−152	0.16	−312	0.006	−335	0.06	0.005	0.03
FVC residual (ml)	−157	0.14	−52	0.40	−329	0.01	−429	0.04	0.006	0.02

Diff. difference, FEV ₁ forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC forced vital capacity

^aAdjusted for smoking, childhood secondhand smoke, wood, charcoal, or kerosene fuel use in childhood home, occupational air pollution, and education

^bHighest known arsenic concentration before age 10 was entered as a continuous variable in linear models