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. 2011 May 30;4:183–189. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S11569

Table 3.

Deliberate self-harm etiologic factors

  1. Abuse

  2. Adverse life events

  3. Antidepressant medication

  4. Bullying and cyberbullying17

  5. Depression

  6. Drug and alcohol use

  7. Family and peer conflict and dysfunctionality

  8. Impulsivity

  9. Low(ered) self-esteem and persistent sense of hopelessness

  10. Poverty

  11. Suicidality (ie, suicidal ideation, suicidal plans, suicidal attempt)