Table 2.

Association between metabolic dysregulation measures and markers of brain aging

Variable	Model	HOMA-IR (mmol/L × µU/mL)	P	Fasting insulin (μU/mL)	P	HbA1c (%)	P	Diabetes	P
TCBV	A	−0.07 ± 0.02	<0.001	−0.02 ± 0.01	<0.001	−0.31 ± 0.07	<0.001	−1.24 ± 0.20	<0.001
	B	−0.06 ± 0.02	<0.001	−0.02 ± 0.01	<0.001	−0.27 ± 0.07	<0.001	−1.08 ± 0.20	<0.001
	C	−0.04 ± 0.02	0.003	−0.01 ± 0.01	0.050	−0.23 ± 0.07	0.002	−0.97 ± 0.21	<0.001
HV	A	−0.000 ± 0.000	0.428	−0.000 ± 0.000	0.731	−0.001 ± 0.001	0.476	−0.003 ± 0.004	0.380
	B	−0.000 ± 0.000	0.461	−0.000 ± 0.000	0.746	−0.001 ± 0.001	0.510	−0.003 ± 0.004	0.436
	C	−0.000 ± 0.000	0.521	−0.000 ± 0.000	0.891	−0.001 ± 0.001	0.423	−0.003 ± 0.004	0.522
Verbal memory	A	0.007 ± 0.006	0.287	0.001 ± 0.002	0.781	0.02 ± 0.02	0.406	0.15 ± 0.07	0.031
	B	0.007 ± 0.006	0.295	0.001 ± 0.002	0.744	0.02 ± 0.02	0.515	0.14 ± 0.07	0.039
	C	0.005 ± 0.007	0.503	−0.000 ± 0.002	0.808	0.02 ± 0.02	0.495	0.14 ± 0.07	0.059
Visual memory	A	−0.02 ± 0.01	0.003	−0.005 ± 0.002	0.005	−0.04 ± 0.02	0.114	−0.10 ± 0.07	0.169
	B	−0.02 ± 0.01	0.004	−0.005 ± 0.002	0.007	−0.03 ± 0.02	0.274	−0.08 ± 0.07	0.280
	C	−0.02 ± 0.01	0.003	−0.005 ± 0.002	0.006	−0.02 ± 0.02	0.385	−0.08 ± 0.07	0.262
Executive function	A	−0.03 ± 0.01	<0.001	−0.007 ± 0.002	<0.001	−0.07 ± 0.02	0.002	−0.15 ± 0.07	0.031
	B	−0.03 ± 0.01	<0.001	−0.007 ± 0.002	<0.001	−0.06 ± 0.02	0.009	−0.13 ± 0.07	0.064
	C	−0.03 ± 0.01	<0.001	−0.007 ± 0.002	<0.001	−0.06 ± 0.02	0.022	−0.15 ± 0.07	0.038

Model A: Adjusted for age, sex, education. Model B: Adjusted for age, sex, education, systolic blood pressure, smoking, history of cardiovascular disease. Model C: Adjusted for age, sex, education, systolic blood pressure, smoking, history of cardiovascular disease, apoE-ε4 genotype, serum homocysteine levels, CRP, IL-6. Statistically significant relationships are in boldface.