Table 2.
Adjusted* ORs (95% CIs) of incident diabetes according to quintiles of plasma concentrations of PCBs, organochlorine pesticides, and summary measures of PCBs or organochlorine pesticides
| Quintiles of plasma concentrations of POPs | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Ptrend | |
| PCBs congener (number of chlorine atoms) | ||||||
| PCB74 (4) | ||||||
| Cases/n at risk | 1/136 | 8/149 | 8/151 | 11/144 | 8/145 | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 7.7 (0.9–64.1) | 8.5 (1.0–71.8) | 11.5 (1.4–94.9) | 9.0 (1.0–78.6) | 0.05 |
| PCB99 (5) | ||||||
| Cases/n at risk | 2/142 | 5/153 | 8/145 | 14/148 | 7/137 | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 2.5 (0.5–13.5) | 4.3 (0.9–21.2) | 6.9 (1.5–31.6) | 3.3 (0.6–17.3) | 0.04 |
| PCB105 (5)† | ||||||
| Cases/n at risk | 0/134 | 12/158 | 7/148 | 8/148 | 9/137 | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 10.7 (1.3–84.4) | 7.0 (0.8–59.3) | 7.5 (0.9–63.6) | 8.0 (0.9–68.2) | 0.30 |
| PCB118 (5) | ||||||
| Cases/n at risk | 2/141 | 9/152 | 6/143 | 11/150 | 8/138 | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 4.0 (0.8–19.2) | 2.9 (0.6–15.1) | 5.2 (1.1–25.5) | 3.6 (0.7–18.8) | 0.19 |
| PCB138 (6) | ||||||
| Cases/n at risk | 3/150 | 4/153 | 7/148 | 14/135 | 8/139 | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 1.5 (0.3–7.0) | 2.5 (0.6–10.1) | 5.9 (1.6–21.7) | 3.2 (0.8–13.2) | 0.01 |
| PCB153 (6) | ||||||
| Cases/n at risk | 5/149 | 4/152 | 6/148 | 14/136 | 7/140 | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 0.8 (0.2–3.2) | 1.5 (0.4–5.1) | 3.4 (1.1–10.2) | 1.7 (0.5–6.2) | 0.06 |
| PCB156 (6) | ||||||
| Cases/n at risk | 4/147 | 7/153 | 9/142 | 9/140 | 7/143 | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 2.1 (0.6–7.6) | 3.2 (0.9–11.1) | 3.0 (0.8–10.8) | 2.6 (0.7–10.3) | 0.14 |
| PCB157 (6) | ||||||
| Cases/n at risk | 4/152 | 7/148 | 7/140 | 10/139 | 8/146 | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 2.1 (0.6–7.4) | 2.3 (0.6–8.4) | 3.5 (1.0–12.4) | 2.9 (0.8–10.9) | 0.07 |
| PCB170 (7) | ||||||
| Cases/n at risk | 3/154 | 6/143 | 11/145 | 10/147 | 6/136 | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 2.8 (0.7–11.9) | 5.6 (1.4–21.8) | 5.0 (1.2–20.5) | 3.6 (0.8–16.8) | 0.06 |
| PCB180 (7) | ||||||
| Cases/n at risk | 3/180 | 10/147 | 6/144 | 9/142 | 8/139 | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 4.6 (1.2–17.8) | 2.8 (0.7–12.1) | 4.6 (1.1–18.8) | 4.8 (1.1–20.9) | 0.07 |
| PCB189 (7) | ||||||
| Cases/n at risk | 4/139 | 6/144 | 11/151 | 8/153 | 7/138 | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 1.9 (0.5–7.1) | 3.5 (1.0–11.9) | 2.9 (0.8–10.9) | 2.8 (0.7–11.2) | 0.12 |
| PCB194 (8) | ||||||
| Cases/n at risk | 4/141 | 5/149 | 11/155 | 5/141 | 11/139 | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 1.4 (0.4–5.6) | 3.5 (1.0–11.7) | 2.2 (0.5–9.0) | 6.0 (1.6–22.9) | <0.01 |
| PCB206 (9) | ||||||
| Cases/n at risk | 3/146 | 8/143 | 6/153 | 10/139 | 9/144 | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 3.2 (0.8–12.7) | 2.1 (0.5–9.0) | 5.5 (1.4–21.9) | 5.0 (1.2–21.1) | 0.02 |
| PCB209 (10) | ||||||
| Cases/n at risk | 2/141 | 8/148 | 12/147 | 6/143 | 8/146 | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 3.9 (0.8–19.1) | 7.1 (1.5–33.0) | 3.8 (0.7–20.2) | 6.2 (1.2–33.0) | 0.06 |
| Organochlorine pesticides | ||||||
| p,p’-DDE | ||||||
| Cases/n at risk | 5/149 | 4/148 | 8/147 | 8/143 | 11/138 | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 0.8 (0.2–2.9) | 1.4 (0.4–4.5) | 1.4 (0.4–4.4) | 2.1 (0.7–6.3) | 0.11 |
| Trans-nonachlor | ||||||
| Cases/n at risk | 4/148 | 5/146 | 2/147 | 17/147 | 8/137 | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 1.2 (0.3–4.7) | 0.5 (0.1–2.6) | 4.2 (1.3–13.3) | 1.8 (0.5–6.8) | 0.03 |
| Hexachlorobenzene | ||||||
| Cases/n at risk | 5/143 | 5/149 | 10/149 | 5/134 | 11/150 | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 1.0 (0.3–3.5) | 1.9 (0.6–5.9) | 1.1 (0.3–4.2) | 2.1 (0.6–7.1) | 0.21 |
| Summary measure | ||||||
| All 14 PCBs | ||||||
| Cases/n at risk | 2/150 | 6/140 | 7/146 | 12/147 | 9/142 | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 4.5 (0.9–23.5) | 5.1 (1.0–26.0) | 8.8 (1.8–42.7) | 7.5 (1.4–38.8) | <0.01 |
| All 3 organochlorine pesticides | ||||||
| Cases/n at risk | 4/152 | 5/151 | 7/142 | 6/139 | 14/141 | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 1.1 (0.3–4.5) | 1.6 (0.4–5.8) | 1.5 (0.4–5.8) | 3.4 (1.0–11.7) | 0.03 |
*Adjusted for sex, BMI, cigarette smoking, exercise, alcohol consumption, triglycerides, and total cholesterol.
†PCB105 had zero cases in the lowest quintile; for statistical assessment, we artificially added one case to that quintile so that OR estimates were not infinite; covariates were evaluated at the median values of noncases in the lowest quintile.