Table 2.
Univariate analysis of risk factors associated with LEA in the derivation cohort
| Variable | Derivation cohort (% [n LEA/n evaluable]) (n = 2,230) | P* |
|---|---|---|
| n cases | 20.8 (463/2,230) | |
| Mortality (death during hospitalization) | 33.3 (10/30) | 0.1094 |
| Age ≥50 years | 23.1 (394/1,708) | <0.0001 |
| Male sex | 22.3 (303/1,359) | 0.0282 |
| Previous admission ≤30 days | 24.8 (53/214) | 0.1322 |
| Transferred from an acute-care hospital | 63.2 (12/19) | 0.0001 |
| Transferred from a skilled nursing facility | 40.3 (29/72) | 0.0002 |
| Comorbidities | ||
| Congestive heart failure | 24.3 (127/522) | 0.0227 |
| History of coronary disease | 26.1 (139/532) | 0.0006 |
| Immunosuppressive medication | 26.0 (19/73) | 0.3032 |
| Cancer | 23.9 (11/46) | 0.5829 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 32.2 (260/807) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic liver disease | 25.8 (8/31) | 0.5033 |
| Chronic lung disease | 24.1 (56/232) | 0.1993 |
| Previous stroke | 23.9 (56/234) | 0.2025 |
| Chronic renal disease | 28.8 (128/445) | <0.0001 |
| History of amputation | 31.3 (191/611) | <0.0001 |
| Renal dialysis treatment | 41.5 (22/53) | 0.0005 |
| Type of skin and soft tissue infection | <0.0001 | |
| Cellulitis | 16.9 (302/1,788) | |
| Infected ulcer | 32.8 (118/360) | |
| Surgical site | 52.4 (43/82) | |
| Acute clinical presentation | ||
| Systolic blood pressure <100 mmHg | 24.6 (72/293) | 0.0892 |
| Temperature <96°F or >100.5°F | 27.0 (184/681) | <0.0001 |
| Pulse <49 or >125 bpm | 24.2 (31/128) | 0.3138 |
| Respiration <10 or >29 breaths per minute | 25.6 (22/86) | 0.2776 |
| Altered mental status | 23.7 (41/173) | 0.3293 |
| Laboratory results | ||
| Albumin <2.8 g/dL | 36.7 (87/237) | <0.0001 |
| Blood urea nitrogen >40 mg/dL | 23.6 (94/399) | 0.1341 |
| Creatinine >3 mg/dL | 35.8 (63/176) | <0.0001 |
| Sodium >145 mEq/dL | 25.0 (6/24) | 0.6133 |
| Total bilirubin >0.8 mg/dL | 23.8 (49/206) | 0.2791 |
| pO2 <55 or >140 or O2 sat <90% | 21.6 (8/37) | 0.8398 |
| Prothrombin time international normalized ratio >1.2 or prothrombin time >14 s | 37.8 (79/209) | <0.0001 |
| Bands on leukocyte differential >13% | 26.3 (21/80) | 0.2092 |
| White blood cell count >11,000 per mm3 | 30.3 (314/1,037) | <0.0001 |
| Glucose on admission (mg/dL) | 0.0603 | |
| ≤70 | 12.0 (12/100) | |
| 71–135 | 18.1 (60/331) | |
| 136–240 | 22.0 (158/717) | |
| >240 | 21.5 (233/1,082) |
*Fisher exact test.