TABLE 2.

Total, direct, and indirect effects of maternal plasma glucose during pregnancy and fetal insulin on birth weight or length (N = 342)

	Birth weight			Birth length
	Total	Direct	Indirect	Total	Direct	Indirect
Maternal glycemia
Estimate	0.08	0.05	0.03	0.09	0.08	0.01
SD	0.05	0.05	0.03	0.05	0.05	0.02
P value	0.13	0.30	0.24	0.10	0.15	0.46
Fetal C-peptide
Estimate	0.19	0.004	0.18	0.07	−0.04	0.11
SD	0.05	0.05	0.03	0.05	0.06	0.03
P value	<0.001	0.93	<0.001	0.17	0.53	<0.001
Fetal IGF-I
Estimate	0.48	0.48	—	0.29	0.29	—
SD	0.05	0.05	—	0.05	0.05	—
P value	<0.001	<0.001	—	<0.001	<0.001	—

Boldface type represents P ≤ 0.05.