FIG. 7.

Moderate and severe diabetes have a differential impact on LPL at the coronary lumen. In moderate diabetes, more monomeric LPL is processed into dimeric, catalytically active enzyme with the help of the ER chaperone calnexin. This increases LPL at the vascular lumen, breaking down more circulating TG to deliver increased FA to the heart when glucose utilization is compromised. In severe diabetes, when FA are excessive, an FA-induced expression of Angptl-4 leads to conversion of LPL to inactive monomers at the coronary lumen to impede TG hydrolysis. EC, endothelial cells; Nu, nucleus.