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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jul 22.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Inq. 2011 Jan 1;22(2):115–127. doi: 10.1080/1047840X.2011.555216

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Measurement models for token identity theory. Note. (a) A general depiction. (b) Examples of three different instances of the category “fear.” (c) A depiction of James’s (1890) token identity theory of emotion; the brain state produces a set of outcomes that are then perceived and experienced as emotion (note that Lange’s 1887 version of this model is a type identity model.)