Figure 5. Experimental setup for in vivo FUS-induced BBB opening in the operating room.

(A) A single-element, circular focused ultrasound transducer with a hole in the center was driven by a function generator (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA, USA) through a 50-dB power amplifier (ENI Inc., Rochester, NY, USA). The center frequency, focal depth, outer radius and inner radius of FUS were 500 kHz, 90 mm, 30 mm and 11.2 mm, respectively. (B) Closer view of the transducer mounted on the stereotactic frame with a manipulator allowing precise positioning of the transducer in the stereotactic referential. (C) Monkey placed in the stereotactic frame. The monkey head is shaved and a degassed echographic gel container is placed on the top of its head to insure maximal acoustic transmission.