Table III.

Congenital extracardiac anomalies

	Nonsyndromic group (n = 112)	Syndromic group (n = 56)	22q11DS reference group (n = 39)	P value (nonsyndromic vs syndromic groups)
Musculoskeletal anomaly	7 (6%)	7 (13%)	6 (15%)	.17
Major musculoskeletal anomaly*	5 (4%)	5 (9%)	4 (10%)	.25
Scoliosis requiring surgery	2 (2%)	3 (5%)	2 (5%)	.34
Genitourinary anomaly	9 (8%)	6 (11%)	4 (10%)	.57
Renal†	7 (6%)	4 (7%)	3 (8%)	1.00
Genital‡	2 (2%)	3 (5%)	2 (5%)	.34
Gastrointestinal anomaly§	0	2 (4%)	3 (8%)	.11
Ear anomaly||	0	2 (4%)	1 (3%)	.11
Central nervous system anomaly¶	1 (1%)	2 (4%)	3 (8%)	.26

^*Major musculoskeletal anomalies were polydactyly, bifid terminal phalanx of thumb, digitalized thumb, club foot, hemi and butterfly vertebrae, and dysplastic ribs.

^†Renal anomalies were renal agenesis, horseshoe kidney, ectopic kidney, collecting duct anomaly, and congenital hydronephrosis.

^‡Genital anomalies were undescended testes, hypospadias, chordee, and bicornuate uterus.

^§Gastrointestinal anomalies included esophageal atresia, anal atresia/stenosis, pyloric stenosis, and Meckel diverticulum.

^||Major ear anomalies included absent left ear lobe, absent left external ear canal, and congenital lop ear deformity.

^¶Central nervous system anomalies included spina bifida, hydrocephaly, hypoplastic pituitary gland, and diffuse cerebral and cerebellar atrophy.