Table 1.
Results of the overall and sub-grouped studies
| Groups | N* | OR (95% CI) Allelic (Arg vs. His) | P(Z) | P(Q) | OR (95% CI) (ArgArg+ArgHis) vs. HisHis | P(Z) | P(Q) | OR (95% CI) ArgArg vs. (ArgHis+HisHis) | P(Z) | P(Q) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcoholicsa | 70 | 2.06 (1.84,2.31) | 1×10−36 | 2×10−13 | 2.17 (1.92,2.45) | 5×10−36 | 0.0425 | 3.05 (2.44,3.81) | 9×10−23 | 1×10−20 |
| Alcoholicsa (Asian) | 47 | 2.24 (1.99,2.51) | 7×10−42 | 6×10−10 | 2.16 (1.9,2.46) | 9×10−32 | 0.0105 | 4.11 (3.24,5.21) | 2×10−31 | 8×10−9 |
| Alcoholicsa (European) | 19 | 1.44 (1.19,1.74) | 0.0002 | 0.1396 | 2.1 (0.95,4.64) | 0.0700 | 0.7113 | 1.45 (1.18,1.79) | 0.0004 | 0.0900 |
| Alcoholicsa (Non-Asian) | 23 | 1.46 (1.23,1.75) | 2×10−5 | 0.1275 | 2.01 (0.98,4.15) | 0.0600 | 0.8462 | 1.47 (1.22,1.79) | 0.0001 | 0.0800 |
| Alcoholicsa (Asian & European) | 66 | 2.08 (1.86,2.33) | 2×10−36 | 2×10−13 | 2.17 (1.92,2.45) | 1×10−34 | 0.0281 | 3.19 (2.54,4.02) | 4×10−23 | 1×10−19 |
| Induced diseasesb | 18 | 1.76 (1.5,2.07) | 4×10−12 | 0.3626 | 2.05 (1.6,2.64) | 2×10−8 | 0.2554 | 1.91 (1.47,2.49) | 2×10−6 | 0.2607 |
| Induced diseasesb (Asian) | 7 | 1.95 (1.61,2.35) | 3×10−12 | 0.3421 | 2.04 (1.59,2.62) | 3×10−8 | 0.2570 | 3.13 (2.06,4.76) | 8×10−8 | 0.7493 |
| Induced diseasesb (European) | 11 | 1.34 (0.99,1.83) | 0.0621 | 0.6659 | 3.39 (0.44,26.4) | 0.2438 | 0.3256 | 1.37 (0.97,1.93) | 0.0703 | 0.6466 |
| Cirrhosis | 12 | 1.68 (1.39,2.03) | 9×10−8 | 0.3994 | 1.98 (1.47,2.66) | 6×10−6 | 0.1303 | 1.75 (1.28,2.38) | 0.0004 | 0.4458 |
| Cirrhosis (Asian) | 5 | 1.87 (1.5,2.34) | 4×10−8 | 0.1854 | 1.96 (1.45,2.64) | 1×10−5 | 0.0710 | 2.86 (1.74,4.7) | 4×10−5 | 0.5671 |
| Cirrhosis (European) | 7 | 1.29 (0.89,1.88) | 0.1743 | 0.8731 | 3.39 (0.44,26.4) | 0.2438 | 0.3256 | 1.28 (0.86,1.9) | 0.2230 | 0.9263 |
| Alcoholic liver disease | 3 | 1.92 (1.21,3.03) | 0.0053 | 0.0980 | 1.97 (1.07,3.6) | 0.0283 | 0.0523 | |||
| Alcoholicsc | 63 | 2.1 (1.86,2.37) | 9×10−33 | 1×10−13 | 2.17 (1.9,2.49) | 8×10−29 | 0.0193 | 3.11 (2.44,3.96) | 4×10−20 | 1×10−20 |
| Alcoholicsc (Asian) | 43 | 2.28 (2.01,2.59) | 4×10−37 | 2×10−10 | 2.17 (1.88,2.51) | 9×10−26 | 0.0042 | 4.27 (3.29,5.55) | 1×10−27 | 9×10−10 |
| Alcoholicsc (European) | 16 | 1.43 (1.16,1.78) | 0.0010 | 0.1560 | 1.97 (0.85,4.57) | 0.1156 | 0.6883 | 1.45 (1.14,1.83) | 0.0020 | 0.0800 |
| Alcoholicsc (Non-Asian) | 20 | 1.47 (1.21,1.78) | 0.0001 | 0.1424 | 1.9 (0.89,4.07) | 0.0968 | 0.8406 | 1.47 (1.19,1.82) | 0.0003 | 0.0700 |
| Alcoholicsc (Asian & European) | 59 | 2.12 (1.87,2.4) | 1×10−32 | 2×10−13 | 2.17 (1.89,2.5) | 9×10−28 | 0.0118 | 3.28 (2.55,4.22) | 2×10−20 | 1×10−19 |
| ADd | 56 | 2.12 (1.86,2.42) | 2×10−29 | 2×10−14 | 2.15 (1.86,2.47) | 2×10−26 | 0.0128 | 3.31 (2.53,4.33) | 4×10−18 | 2×10−19 |
| ADd (Asian) | 41 | 2.28 (1.99,2.6) | 1×10−33 | 8×10−11 | 2.15 (1.85,2.49) | 7×10−24 | 0.0031 | 4.31 (3.3,5.63) | 1×10−26 | 6×10−8 |
| ADd (European) | 11 | 1.55 (1.02,2.37) | 0.0421 | 0.0332 | 1.91 (0.82,4.48) | 0.1348 | 0.5984 | 1.73 (1.02,2.94) | 0.0410 | 0.0136 |
| ADd (Non-Asian) | 15 | 1.57 (1.12,2.19) | 0.0082 | 0.0370 | 1.86 (0.87,4) | 0.1119 | 0.7922 | 1.67 (1.12,2.5) | 0.0117 | 0.0151 |
| ADd (Asian & European) | 52 | 2.16 (1.89,2.46) | 2×10−29 | 3×10−14 | 2.15 (1.86,2.48) | 2×10−25 | 0.0074 | 3.55 (2.68,4.7) | 9×10−19 | 8×10−18 |
| Cys allele (*3) | 4 | 2.05 (1.34,3.13) | 0.0010 | 0.4610 | 0.79 (0.16,3.95) | 0.7789 | 0.3449 | 2.74 (1.67,4.51) | 7×10−5 | 0.7533 |
| Alcoholicsa (with Cys) | 73 | 2.08 (1.86,2.32) | 1×10−38 | 6×10−13 | 2.27 (2.08,2.49) | 7×10−70 | 0.0512 | 3.07 (2.47,3.8) | 3×10−24 | 8×10−20 |
| All the studies | 78 | 1.98 (1.76,2.22) | 4×10−31 | 3×10−20 | 2.12 (1.87,2.4) | 2×10−32 | 0.0235 | 2.91 (2.36,3.59) | 2×10−23 | 9×10−22 |
| Asian | 48 | 2.17 (1.9,2.46) | 6×10−32 | 4×10−17 | 2.16 (1.9,2.46) | 9×10−32 | 0.0105 | 4.11 (3.24,5.21) | 2×10−31 | 8×10−9 |
| European | 21 | 1.35 (1.13,1.6) | 0.0007 | 0.1251 | 1.39 (0.73,2.66) | 0.3120 | 0.5223 | 1.39 (1.15,1.68) | 0.0008 | 0.1000 |
| Non-Asian | 30 | 1.45 (1.25,1.69) | 1×10−6 | 0.1154 | 1.32 (0.75,2.33) | 0.2932 | 0.7277 | 1.52 (1.29,1.8) | 8×10−7 | 0.0800 |
| Asian & European | 69 | 1.99 (1.76,2.24) | 1×10−28 | 3×10−21 | 2.13 (1.88,2.42) | 8×10−32 | 0.0154 | 3.05 (2.43,3.84) | 1×10−21 | 4×10−22 |
| Mexican | 4 | 1.64 (1.04,2.61) | 0.0345 | 0.1819 | 1.65 (0.29,9.5) | 0.5756 | 0.6122 | 1.59 (0.97,2.61) | 0.0650 | 0.1466 |
| Mexican & African (with Cys) | 9 | 1.83 (1.35,2.49) | 0.0001 | 0.4331 | 1.11 (0.34,3.62) | 0.8641 | 0.6924 | 2.06 (1.46,2.9) | 4×10−5 | 0.3385 |
number of studies included in the analyses.
alcoholic patients with and without alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis or pancreatitis (only one study described that the patients had both alcohol dependence and abuse).
alcoholic patients with alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis or pancreatitis.
alcoholic patients without any alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis or pancreatitis and those without liver disease status described.
“definite” alcohol dependence patients without any alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis or pancreatitis (i.e., including only patients clearly described as alcohol dependent).
Key: AD: alcohol dependence; Mexican: Mexican American or Native American; African: African American; Induced diseases: alcohol-induced diseases.
The Cys (*3) allele was only detected in some populations including the African and Mexican populations.
P(Z): Z test used to determine significance of the overall OR. The P values < 0.05 are indicated in boldfaces.
P(Q): Cochran s X2-based Q statistic test used to assess heterogeneity.
P(T): T test used to evaluate significance of publication bias (not shown).
The recessive model (ArgArg vs. ArgHis + HisHis) produced less significant P values but a greater odds ratio, presumably reflecting the sample size in each genotype class and the relative risks between genotypes.