Table 2.
Association between childhood GCT and parental infertility and infertility treatment
| Controls n (%) |
Cases n (%) |
ORa | 95% CI | p-value | Gonadal n (%) |
ORa | 95% CI | p-value | Non- gonadal n (%) |
ORa | 95% CI | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prior fetal loss | |||||||||||||
| None | 332 (78.5) | 227 (81.7) | Ref | 119 (82.6) | Ref | 97 (80.8) | Ref | ||||||
| One | 74 (17.5) | 34 (12.2) | 0.65 | 0.41–1.03 | 0.06 | 19 (13.2) | 0.65 | 0.37–1.16 | 0.15 | 13 (10.8) | 0.57 | 0.29–1.12 | 0.10 |
| Two or more | 17 (4.0) | 17 (6.1) | 1.30 | 0.63–2.71 | 0.48 | 6 (4.2) | 0.96 | 0.35–2.63 | 0.93 | 10 (8.3) | 1.51 | 0.62–3.68 | 0.37 |
| History of multiple birth prior to index | |||||||||||||
| None | 410 (96.9) | 269 (96.8) | Ref | 139 (96.5) | Ref | 117 (97.5) | Ref | ||||||
| At least one multiple birth | 13 (3.1) | 9 (3.2) | 1.08 | 0.43–2.67 | 0.87 | 5 (3.5) | 1.29 | 0.43–3.91 | 0.65 | 3 (2.5) | c | ||
| Maternal age | |||||||||||||
| < 27 | 187 (44.2) | 126 (45.3) | 0.84 | 0.59–1.21 | 0.36 | 64 (44.4) | 0.79 | 0.50–1.25 | 0.32 | 54 (45.0) | 0.91 | 0.55–1.50 | 0.71 |
| 27–34 | 197 (46.6) | 123 (44.2) | Ref | 66 (45.8) | Ref | 54 (45.0) | Ref | ||||||
| ≥35 | 39 (9.2) | 29 (10.4) | 1.23 | 0.70–2.15 | 0.47 | 14 (9.7) | 1.23 | 0.61–2.49 | 0.57 | 12 (10.0) | 1.05 | 0.49–2.29 | 0.90 |
| Use of OSd drugs (prior to or before knowledge of pregnancy) | |||||||||||||
| No | 410 (97.4) | 273 (98.2) | Ref | 139 (96.5) | Ref | 120 (100.0) | Ref | ||||||
| Yes | 11 (2.6) | 5 (1.8) | 0.84 | 0.28–2.58 | 0.77 | 5 (3.5) | 1.48 | 0.48–4.63 | 0.50 | 0 (0.0) | c | ||
| No pregnancy after a year or more of trying | |||||||||||||
| No | 334 (79.1) | 221 (79.5) | Ref | 112 (77.8) | Ref | 96 (80.0) | Ref | ||||||
| Yes | 88 (20.9) | 57 (20.5) | 0.95 | 0.64–1.41 | 0.78 | 32 (22.2) | 1.01 | 0.62–1.63 | 0.97 | 24 (20.0) | 0.91 | 0.52–1.57 | 0.72 |
| Time to index pregnancy | |||||||||||||
| Not trying | 191 (45.3) | 134 (48.4) | 0.93 | 0.65–1.32 | 0.67 | 68 (47.2) | 0.97 | 0.63–1.51 | 0.90 | 58 (48.7) | 0.92 | 0.56–1.52 | 0.75 |
| < 1 year of trying | 183 (43.4) | 119 (43.0) | Ref | 61 (42.4) | Ref | 52 (43.7) | Ref | ||||||
| ≥ 1 year of trying | 48 (11.4) | 24 (8.7) | 0.71 | 0.40–1.26 | 0.24 | 15 (10.4) | 0.86 | 0.44–1.72 | 0.67 | 9 (7.6) | 0.65 | 0.29–1.49 | 0.31 |
| Latent class infertilityb (with maternal age) | |||||||||||||
| No | 390 (92.2) | 254 (91.4) | Ref | 130 (90.3) | Ref | 111 (92.5) | Ref | ||||||
| Yes | 33 (7.8) | 24 (8.6) | 1.05 | 0.56–1.98 | 0.87 | 14 (9.7) | 1.32 | 0.62–2.79 | 0.47 | 9 (7.5) | 0.78 | 0.32–1.89 | 0.57 |
| Latent class infertilityb (without maternal age) | |||||||||||||
| No | 408 (96.5) | 267 (96.0) | Ref | 138 (95.8) | Ref | 115 (95.8) | Ref | ||||||
| Yes | 15 (3.5) | 11 (4.0) | 1.18 | 0.51–2.73 | 0.70 | 6 (4.2) | 1.20 | 0.43–3.32 | 0.73 | 5 (4.2) | 1.23 | 0.39–3.86 | 0.72 |
a
Logistic regression models were adjusted for child’s age, sex, and gestational age as well as maternal age, race, education, and household income
b
Infertility predicted from the latent class model
c
Sample size too small for logistic regression analysis
d
Ovarian stimulating