. 2011 Mar 25;25(8):2703–2710. doi: 10.1007/s00464-011-1633-1

Table 1.

Performance of the basic tasks in the laparoscopy, SPA-crossed, and SPA-curved settings

Performance on tasks	Run	Score	Mean (standard deviation)			p value
Performance on tasks	Run	Score	Laparoscopy	SPA crossed	SPA curved	Laparoscopy vs. SPA crossed	Laparoscopy vs. SPA curved	SPA-crossed vs. SPA curved
1: Translocation	2	Time	130.3 (35.2)	150.7 (41.2)	198.5 (67.6)	0.069	<0.001	0.008
	2	Errors	0.87 (0.83)	0.80 (1.15)	2.33 (1.68)	0.855	0.012	0.004
	3	Time		137.7 (34.1)	170.7 (44.3)	0.298^a	<0.001^a	0.005
	3	Errors		1.20 (1.66)	1.60 (1.24)	0.541^a	0.102^a	0.472
2: Clip & Cut	1	Time	89.6 (24.5)
	1	Errors	0.87 (0.83)
	2	Time		102.57 (55.5)		0.398^b
	2	Errors		1.73 (2.15)		0.109^b
3: Tissue dissection	2	Time	148.1 (39.9)	164.0 (54.7)	165.0 (63.7)	0.240	0.238	0.962
	2	Errors	0.53 (0.74)	1.13 (1.12)	1.27 (0.59)	0.108	0.001	0.685
	3	Time		179.5 (85.3)	150.8 (46.9)	0.131^a	0.848^a	0.309
	3	Errors		1.27 (1.22)	0.93 (1.1)	0.044^a	0.111^a	0.485

All statistical differences are calculated with the paired t test, a p < 0.05 is considered a significant difference

^aStatistical calculated difference between second run of the laparoscopy setting and third run of the SPA setting to account for the unfamiliarity with the SPA setting

^bStatistical calculated difference between first run of the laparoscopy setting and second run of the SPA setting to account for the unfamiliarity with the SPA setting