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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jul 23.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Virus Res. 2010;78:87–142. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-385032-4.00003-3

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

Microenvironmental stress promotes the development of KSHV-mediated malignancy. (A) Proliferation of KSHV-infected tumor cells initiates the formation of hypoxia microenvironment; (B) Hypoxic stress induces cell selection by apoptosis and mutation and increases HIFα and VEGF levels; meanwhile, (C) Oxidative stress caused by reoxygenation or overproduction of ROS also induces similar response as hypoxic stress, and thereby (D) selects the survival of malignant tumor cells to promote angiogenesis and tumor progression. On the other hand, (E) the microenvironmental stresses reactivate KSHV from latent infection to produce new virion particles and help viral primary infection.