Table 4.

Predictive strength of physical frailty indicators on ADL disability

Physical frailty indicator	Total number of studies	Number of studies, only including participants free of disability at baseline, that reported a significant increased risk of ADL disability (Number of cohorts) ++	Number of studies, including both participants free and not free of ADL disability at baseline, that reported a significant increased risk of ADL disability (Number of cohorts) +	Number of studies reporting no significant increased risk of ADL disability (Number of cohorts) -
Weight loss	4	4 (4)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Exhaustion	1	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (1)
Gait speed	12	9 (6)	3 (3)	0 (0)
Muscle strength	10	4 (2)	3 (3)	3 (3)
Physical activity	9	5 (5)	4 (4)	0 (0)
Balance	6	4 (3)	1 (1)	1 (1)
Others:
- Lower extremity function	5	4 (4)	1 (1)	0 (0)
- Chair stands	3	2 (2)	1 (1)	0 (0)
- 360° turn, bending over, foot taps, hand signature	1	1 (1)	0 (0)	0 (0)