Table 4.
Nonpharmacologic recommendations according to body mass index status at the time of hospitalization for acute heart failure
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 18.5 (n = 1681) | 18.5–24.9 (n = 1007) | 25–29.9 (n = 1034) | 30–34.9 | ≥ 35 | |||||||||||
| Recommendation (%) |
Crude (%) |
Age- adjusted OR (95% CI) |
Multivariable- adjusted ORa (95% CI) |
Crude (%) |
Age- adjusted OR (95% CI) |
Multivariable- adjusted ORa (95% CI) |
Crude (%) |
Age- adjusted OR (95% CI) |
Multivariable- adjusted ORa (95% CI) |
Crude (%) |
Age- adjusted OR (95% CI) |
Multivariable- adjusted ORa (95% CI) |
Crude (%) |
Age- adjusted OR (95%CI) |
Multivariable- adjusted ORa (95% CI) |
| Low-fat diet | 41.7 | 0.53 (0.40–0.71) | 0.58 (0.43–0.80) | 57.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 61.5 | 1.16 (0.98–1.37) | 1.07 (0.90–1.28) | 67.1 | 1.47 (1.19–1.81) | 1.39 (1.07–1.67) | 63.3 | 1.20 (0.97–1.50) | 1.23 (0.97–1.55) |
| Fluid restriction | 18.5 | 0.81 (0.56–1.17) | 0.85 (0.58–1.24) | 22.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 20.8 | 0.89 (0.73–1.08) | 0.92 (0.75–1.13) | 23.8 | 1.04 (0.82–1.31) | 1.10 (0.86–1.41) | 28.8 | 1.25 (0.98–1.60) | 1.35 (1.05–1.75) |
| Increased physical activity | 36.6 | 0.79 (0.59–1.06) | 0.79 (0.58–1.07) | 42.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 43.4 | 1.00 (0.85–1.18) | 0.96 (0.81–1.14) | 42.2 | 0.94 (0.77–1.15) | 0.92 (0.74–1.14) | 40.1 | 0.82 (0.66–1.02) | 0.82 (0.65–1.03) |
| Reduced alcohol consumption | 0.5 | 0.86 (0.10–7.55) | 1.39 (0.14–14.1) | 0.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 2.01 (0.71–5.65) | 2.04 (0.64–6.55) | 0.6 | 0.84 (0.20–3.45) | 1.02 (0.22–4.78) | 1.4 | 1.07 (0.34–3.37) | 0.90 (0.24–3.44) |
CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
a
Controlling for age, race, do not resuscitate status, history of prior chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, angina, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, cardiac catheterization, prior percutaneous coronary intervention, serum glucose and sodium findings, blood pressure, and estimated glomerular filtration rate.