Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 4,366 Dutch adults aged ≥55 years by tertiles of energy-adjusted glycemic index (GI).1
| Low GI (<57.6) | Moderate GI (57.6–<60.3) | High GI (≥60.3) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 1,455) | (n = 1,456) | (n = 1,455) | |
| Age (years) | 67.3 (7.9) | 67.7 (7.7) | 66.9 (7.4) |
| Sex (% male) | 26.6 | 39.7 | 54.5 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 26.5 (3.6) | 26.2 (3.4) | 26.0 (3.8) |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L)2 | 1.6 (0.80–2.9) | 1.7 (0.83–3.0) | 1.7 (0.83–3.1) |
| Anti-inflammatory medication (%) | 8.0 | 6.6 | 7.7 |
| Family history of diabetes (%) | 26.5 | 26.8 | 29.7 |
| History of CHD (%) | 10.0 | 11.9 | 13.4 |
| Smoking (% current) | 15.8 | 20.4 | 32.0 |
| Education level (% low) | 33.6 | 33.5 | 35.7 |
| Dietary intake | |||
| Total energy (kcal/d) | 1967 (555) | 2005 (491) | 1971 (464) |
| Carbohydrate (en%) | 44.2 (6.6) | 44.7 (6.6) | 43.7 (7.6) |
| Mono- and disacharides (en%) | 24.5 (5.7) | 22.6 (5.5) | 19.7 (6.5) |
| Polysacharides (en%) | 19.7 (3.7) | 22.0 (3.7) | 23.7 (4.4) |
| Energy-adjusted glycemic load | 119 (19.0) | 128 (20.1) | 133 (23.1) |
| Fiber (g/d) | 27.1 (8.3) | 26.3 (6.4) | 25.1 (6.6) |
| Protein (en%) | 18.0 (3.3) | 16.7 (2.8) | 16.2 (2.8) |
| Fat (en%) | 35.9 (6.3) | 36.5 (6.1) | 37.3 (6.2) |
| Saturated fatty acids (en%) | 14.3 (3.4) | 14.4 (3.1) | 14.6 (3.1) |
| Mono-unsaturated fatty acids (en%) | 12.3 (2.7) | 12.3 (2.7) | 12.6 (2.8) |
| Poly-unsaturated fatty acids (en%) | 6.5 (2.8) | 7.0 (2.8) | 7.3 (2.9) |
| Alcohol drinkers (%) | 79.2 | 82.2 | 79.9 |
| Alcohol (g/d)2,3 | 6.0 (1.3–15.7) | 6.4 (1.4–16.3) | 8.7 (1.8–21.8) |
1Means (SD) or percentages unless otherwise indicated.
2Values are expressed as median (interquartile range), because of their skewed distribution.
3Only in alcohol drinkers.