TABLE 3.

Effects of low-dairy (LD) compared with adequate-dairy (AD) diets on glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance in overweight and obese subjects with metabolic syndrome¹

Variable and obesity status	Diet	Baseline	Change from baseline			P value
			Day 7	Day 28	Day 84
Glucose (mmol/L)
Overweight	LD	4.84 ± 0.39	−0.32 ± 0.95	0.31 ± 0.91	0.38 ± 0.61	NS
	AD	4.83 ± 0.59	−0.77 ± 0.71	−0.63 ± 0.46	−0.04 ± 0.22
Obese	LD	5.78 ± 2.03	−0.98 ± 0.26	−1.0 ± 0.52	−0.17 ± 0.75
	AD	4.40 ± 1.00	0.14 ± 0.16	−0.52 ± 0.43	0.03 ± 0.17
All	LD	5.62 ± 1.86	−0.65 ± 0.24	−0.35 ± 0.45	0.11±-0.51
	AD	4.57 ± 0.84	−0.22 ± 0.28	−0.57 ± −0.32	0.01 ± 0.22
Insulin (μU/mL)
Overweight	LD	9.47 ± 5.89	0.39 ± 0.68	2.55 ± 2.31	1.65 ± 2.46	Diet, P < 0.05; obesity status, NS; day, NS
	AD	15.58 ± 2.86	−4.75 ± 1.86	−4.692.79	−3.32 ± 2.22
Obese	LD	17.80 ± 7.24	4.64 ± 4.91	2.85 ± 2.42	1.74 ± 3.23
	AD	13.23 ± 2.8	−2.29 ± 1.80	−2.19 ± 2.01	−3.43 ± 2.41
All	LD	16.42 ± 7.52	2.52 ± 4.55	2.64 ± 2.87	1.72 ± 3.14
	AD	14.01 ± 5.17	−3.51 ± 1.18	−3.43 ± 1.48	−3.38 ± 1.27
HOMA-IR
Overweight	LD	2.94 ± 0.24	−0.83 ± 1.19	−0.08 ± 1.28	−0.28 ± 1.05	Diet, P < 0.05; obesity status, NS; day, NS
	AD	3.45 ± 2.18	−1.45 ± 0.67	0.08 ± 0.26	−0.60 ± 0.43
Obese	LD	4.14 ± 3.25	1.41 ± 1.32	0.51 ± 0.42	2.86 ± 2.79
	AD	2.78 ± 0.94	−0.33 ± 0.44	−0.40 ± 0.93	−0.58 ± 0.66
All	LD	3.94 ± 2.97	0.92 ± 0.46	0.21 ± 0.34	1.19 ± 0.68
	AD	3.05 ± 1.48	−0.71 ± 0.35	−0.28 ± 0.26	−0.59 ± 0.34

¹All values are means ± SDs; n = 40 [20/group (10 overweight and 10 obese)]. HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.