TABLE 3.
Relative risk of type 2 diabetes according to quintile (Q) of marine and nonmarine omega-3 fatty acids from the Singapore Chinese Health Study1
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | P for trend | |
| Marine (EPA + DHA) omega-3 intake | ||||||
| Mean ± SD (g/d) | 0.11 ± 0.05 | 0.22 ± 0.02 | 0.30 ± 0.02 | 0.38 ± 0.02 | 0.60 ± 0.16 | |
| Cases/person-years | 402/48,255 | 445/49,061 | 451/49,597 | 464/50,371 | 490/49,614 | |
| Model 1 | ||||||
| HR | 1.00 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.03 | 1.09 | 0.30 |
| 95% CI | 0.92, 1.20 | 0.92, 1.20 | 0.90, 1.18 | 0.95, 1.24 | ||
| Model 2 | ||||||
| HR | 1.00 | 1.01 | 0.99 | 0.94 | 0.93 | 0.27 |
| 95% CI | 0.88, 1.17 | 0.85, 1.14 | 0.80, 1.10 | 0.77, 1.11 | ||
| Nonmarine (ALA) omega-3 intake | ||||||
| Mean ± SD (g/d) | 0.27 ± 0.06 | 0.40 ± 0.03 | 0.51 ± 0.03 | 0.65 ± 0.05 | 1.06 ± 0.36 | |
| Cases/person-years | 514/49,980 | 485/49,853 | 428/49,299 | 409/49,196 | 416/48,570 | |
| Model 1 | ||||||
| HR | 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.87 | 0.85 | 0.88 | 0.03 |
| 95% CI | 0.85, 1.09 | 0.77, 0.99 | 0.75, 0.97 | 0.77, 1.00 | ||
| Model 2 | ||||||
| HR | 1.00 | 0.91 | 0.81 | 0.78 | 0.79 | 0.004 |
| 95% CI | 0.80, 1.04 | 0.70, 0.93 | 0.67, 0.90 | 0.67, 0.93 | ||
1
Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, dialect, year of interview, educational level, BMI, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol use, and hypertension. Model 2 further adjusted for intakes of omega-6, alternate omega-3, monounsaturated fat, saturated fat, dietary fiber, protein, and total energy. EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; ALA, α-linolenic acid; HR, hazard ratio.