TABLE 4.
Relative risk of incident diabetes according to dietary eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (EPA+DHA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) as estimated from food-frequency questionnaires for participants enrolled during 1989–1990 (n = 2826)1
| EPA+DHA |
ALA |
|||||||||
| Quartile 1 (n = 707) | Quartile 2 (n = 706) | Quartile 3 (n = 707) | Quartile 4 (n = 706) | P for trend | Quartile 1 (n = 707) | Quartile 2 (n = 706) | Quartile 3 (n = 707) | Quartile 4 (n = 706) | P for trend | |
| Range2 | ≤0.17 | >0.17–0.30 | >0.30–0.56 | >0.56 | — | ≤0.11 | >0.11–0.14 | >0.14–0.18 | >0.18 | — |
| No. of cases of incident diabetes | 46 | 51 | 36 | 44 | — | 45 | 46 | 55 | 31 | — |
| Person-years of follow-up | 6566 | 6615 | 7083 | 6904 | — | 6605 | 7045 | 7085 | 6434 | — |
| Model3 | ||||||||||
| 1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.11 (0.75, 1.66) | 0.75 (0.48, 1.17) | 0.97 (0.64, 1.49) | 0.57 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.92 (0.61, 1.39) | 1.10 (0.74, 1.63) | 0.70 (0.44, 1.11) | 0.22 |
| 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.07 (0.72, 1.60) | 0.75 (0.48, 1.16) | 0.99 (0.64, 1.52) | 0.67 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.88 (0.58, 1.34) | 1.13 (0.75, 1.69) | 0.70 (0.44, 1.11) | 0.26 |
| 3 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.11 (0.74, 1.66) | 0.78 (0.50, 1.22) | 1.04 (0.67, 1.60) | 0.81 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.82 (0.51, 1.33) | 0.99 (0.56, 1.77) | 0.50 (0.24, 1.05) | 0.09 |
Values are cumulative averages of energy-corrected values from food-frequency questionnaires administered in 1989–1990 and in 1995–1996.
Values are shown in mg/d for EPA+DHA and in g/d for ALA.
Values are relative risks; 95% CIs in parentheses (calculated by using Cox proportional hazards). Model 1 adjusted for age, race (black or nonblack), sex, and clinic site. Model 2 adjusted for age, race (black or nonblack), sex, clinic site, BMI, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and current smoking. Model 3 adjusted for age, race (black or nonblack), sex, clinic site, BMI, alcohol consumption, physical activity, current smoking, LDL cholesterol, and linoleic acid.