TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the study population by quintile (Q) of combined fish and shellfish intakes1
| Shanghai Women's Health Study (n = 64,193) | Shanghai Men's Health Study (n = 51,936) | |||||||||
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | |
| Age (y)2 | 54 (46, 64) | 49 (44, 59) | 48 (43, 56) | 47 (43, 54) | 46 (43, 53) | 54 (48, 65) | 52 (47, 61) | 51 (46, 59) | 51 (46, 58) | 49 (45, 56) |
| Energy intake (kcal/d)3 | 1483.6 ± 323.4 | 1579.8 ± 306.9 | 1645.0 ± 310.1 | 1712.1 ± 319.6 | 1843.9 ± 360.6 | 1777 ± 394.7 | 1859 ± 378.8 | 1920 ± 382.1 | 1997 ± 399.6 | 2121 ± 453.6 |
| BMI (kg/m2)3 | 24.3 ± 3.6 | 23.8 ± 3.3 | 23.7 ± 3.3 | 23.6 ± 3.2 | 23.6 ± 3.2 | 23.4 ± 3.1 | 23.6 ± 3.0 | 23.6 ± 3.1 | 23.7 ± 3.0 | 23.7 ± 2.9 |
| WHR3 | 0.82 ± 0.05 | 0.80 ± 0.05 | 0.80 ± 0.05 | 0.80 ± 0.05 | 0.80 ± 0.05 | 0.89 ± 0.06 | 0.89 ± 0.06 | 0.90 ± 0.05 | 0.90 ± 0.05 | 0.90 ± 0.05 |
| Smoking (%) | 4.1 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 60.2 | 60.4 | 61.2 | 62.0 | 64.9 |
| Alcohol (%) | 2.2 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 25.0 | 28.2 | 29.9 | 31.5 | 37.4 |
| Exercise (%) | 33.8 | 32.5 | 32.2 | 32.9 | 33.1 | 32.6 | 32.6 | 32.3 | 34.1 | 32.8 |
| Education (%) | ||||||||||
| None | 22.3 | 9.5 | 6.0 | 4.2 | 2.5 | 11.3 | 6.1 | 4.2 | 3.4 | 2.5 |
| Elementary | 16.5 | 11.3 | 8.2 | 6.8 | 4.7 | 38.1 | 35.0 | 34.0 | 32.2 | 28.9 |
| High school | 53.4 | 66.6 | 70.9 | 72.7 | 75.6 | 32.3 | 37.4 | 38.0 | 38.4 | 41.4 |
| College | 7.8 | 12.6 | 15.0 | 16.3 | 17.2 | 18.2 | 21.5 | 23.7 | 25.9 | 27.2 |
| Income level (%)4 | ||||||||||
| I | 24.0 | 15.6 | 13.3 | 12.0 | 11.7 | 16.4 | 13.3 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 12.2 |
| II | 41.5 | 39.2 | 37.8 | 36.5 | 35.1 | 46.9 | 43.0 | 42.2 | 39.5 | 36.5 |
| III | 23.0 | 29.1 | 29.7 | 31.2 | 30.6 | 30.2 | 34.9 | 36.6 | 36.9 | 37.3 |
| IV | 11.5 | 16.2 | 19.2 | 20.3 | 22.7 | 6.3 | 8.6 | 9.2 | 11.7 | 13.6 |
| Occupation (%) | ||||||||||
| Professional | 11.2 | 18.6 | 21.4 | 23.7 | 24.5 | 22.6 | 24.0 | 25.9 | 26.8 | 27.3 |
| Clerical | 9.8 | 12.5 | 13.4 | 14.2 | 15.2 | 20.5 | 21.9 | 21.8 | 22.1 | 23.8 |
| Manual labor | 18.9 | 23.2 | 23.8 | 24.3 | 24.7 | 56.9 | 54.1 | 52.2 | 51.1 | 48.9 |
| Housewife/retired | 60.1 | 45.8 | 41.4 | 37.8 | 35.5 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Hypertension (%) | 23.0 | 20.0 | 18.4 | 16.7 | 16.2 | 54.6 | 52.4 | 50.9 | 50.0 | 48.5 |
| Family history of T2D (%) | 12.5 | 15.2 | 16.2 | 16.8 | 18.7 | 15.0 | 16.6 | 16.3 | 17.4 | 17.5 |
1
WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; T2D, type 2 diabetes.
2
Values are medians; interquartile ranges in parentheses.
3
Values are means ± SDs.
4
For the Shanghai Men's Health Study, individual income levels are in yuan/y: level I, <500; level II, 500–900; level III, 1000–1999; level IV, >1999. For the Shanghai Women's Health Study, family income is in yuan/y: level I, <10,000; level II, 10,000–19,999; level III, 20,000–29,999; level IV, ≥30,000.