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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jul 25.
Published in final edited form as: Trauma Violence Abuse. 2007 Jul;8(3):270–280. doi: 10.1177/1524838007303194

TABLE 1.

Summary of Critical Findings

Category Critical Findings Supporting Citations
Injury prevalence following sexual assault

  1. Visual inspection prior to 1995: 5% to 40%

  2. Visual inspection after 1995: 40% to 60%

  3. Toluidine blue contrast: 40% to 58%

  4. Colposcopy (alone or in combination with staining): 64% to 87%

  1. Cartwright (1986); Goodyear-Smith (1989); Massey, Garcia, & Emich (1971)

  2. Gray-Eurom, Seaberg, & Wears (2002); Riggs, Houry, Long, Markovchick, & Feldhaus (2000)

  3. Lauber & Souma (1982); McCauley, Guzinski, Welch, Gorman, & Osmers (1987)

  4. Jones, Rossman, Wynn, Dunnuck, & Schwartz (2003); Sachs & Chu (2002); Slaughter & Brown (1992); Slaughter, Brown, Crowley, & Peck (1997)
Injury location following sexual assault

  1. Posterior fourchette (70% of those with genital injury)

  2. Labia minora (53% of those with genital injury)

  3. Hymen (29% of those with genital injury)

  4. Fossa navicularis (25% of those with genital injury)

 Slaughter et al. (1997)
Injury prevalence following consensual intercourse 10% to 30% Anderson, McClain, & Riviello (2006); Fraser et al. (1999); Slaughter et al. (1997)
Definition for genital injury pattern Genital injury prevalence, frequency, location, severity, and type Slaughter et al. (1997); Sommers, Schafer, Zink, Hutson, & Hillard (2001)