Figure 1.

(a) Showing salient epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-associated signaling pathways. EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor, p-: phosphorylated, PKCα: protein kinase C α, PI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, JAK1: janus kinase 1, STAT3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinase, MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase, MKK4: MAPK kinase 4, SAPK: stress activated protein kinase, JNK: c-jun amino-terminal kinase, Serine/threonine kinase (e.g., AKT, Raf). (b) Comparison between expressions of different EGFR-associated signaling molecules in various tissues and cell lines with reference to urinary bladder tissue. Lane 1: MCF-7 cells, Lane 2: Mouse mammary tissue, Lane 3: T47-D cells, Lane 4: LNCaP cells, Lane 5: PC-3 cells, Lane 6: TRAMP tumour tissue, Lane 7: Mouse urinary bladder tissue, Lane 8: SK-OV-3 cells, Lane 9: Mouse uterine tissue.