Table 3.
Adherence mobile intervention studies
| Reference | Study characteristics | Intervention description | Theoretical basis | Interactivity | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Safren et al. [54] | N = 82 HIV + patients; RCT of intervention vs. monitoring only | Tailored dose reminders via two-way pager, along with other reminders (e.g., meals, appointments) | None reported | Output manually adjusted initially | Dose adherence of 64% for intervention vs. 52% for control at 12 weeks |
| Bos et al. [57] | N = 343 orthodontic patients; nonrandomized comparison of text message, phone, mail, and no reminder | SMS appointment reminder | None reported | Output not adjusted | Appointment attendance of 90.6% for mail, 90.4% for phone, 82.4% for SMS, and 83.7% for no reminder over 3 weeks |
| Downer et al. [109] | N = 2,864 general medical outpatients with mobile phones; historic control of intervention vs. no reminder | SMS appointment reminder | None reported | Output not adjusted | Appointment adherence of 85.8% for intervention vs. 76.6% for control over 1 month |
| Downer et al. [110] | N = 45,110 general medical outpatients; historic control of intervention vs. no reminder | SMS appointment reminder | None reported | Output not adjusted | Appointment adherence of 90.2% for intervention vs. 80.5% for control over 3 months |
| Leong et al. [58] | N = 993 primary care outpatients; RCT of SMS, phone or no reminder | SMS appointment reminder | None reported | Output not adjusted | Appointment adherence of 59.6% for SMS, 59.0% for phone, and 48.1% for control over 3 months |
| Koshy et al. [56] | N = 9,512 ophthalmology outpatients; nonrandomized comparison of intervention vs. no reminder | SMS appointment reminder with ability to text reply to cancel appointment | None reported | Output not adjusted | Appointment adherence of 88.8% for SMS vs. 81.9% for control over 6 months |
| Chen et al. [59] | N = 1,859 preventive screening patients; RCT of SMS, phone or no reminder | SMS appointment reminder | None reported | Output not adjusted | Appointment adherence of 87.5% for SMS, 88.3% for phone, and 80.5% for control over 2 months |
| Simoni et al. [55] | N = 224 HIV + patients; RCT of pager + peer support, pager only, peer support only, or usual care | Tailored dose reminders via two-way pager along with educational, entertainment, and adherence assessment texts | None reported | Output manually adjusted initially | Dose adherence of 50.1% for pager + peer support, 41.8% for pager, 47.0% for peer support and 44.4% for usual care at 3 months |
| Foley et al. [111] | N = 276 pediatric dental patients; historical control of intervention vs. no reminder | SMS appointment reminder | None reported | Output not adjusted | Appointment adherence of 89.6% for SMS vs. 76.1% for control over 1 month |
| Da Costa et al. [112] | N = 7,890 general outpatient appointments; nonrandomized comparison of intervention vs. no reminder | SMS appointment reminder | None reported | Output not adjusted | Appointment adherence of 80.6% for SMS vs. 74.4% for control over 11 months |