Table 2.

Chewing topography and modified FTQ items

Questions	Answer Choices	n	Response %
1. How soon after waking do you have your first chew? b	≤ 30 min	12	22.2
	> 30 min	42	77.8
2.a Do you find it difficult to refrain from chewing in places where you should not chew? b	Yes	5	9.3
	No	48	88.9
3.a Do you chew even if you are so ill that you cannot work?b	Yes	15	27.8
	No	38	70.4
4. How often do you swallow the juices from the chew? b	Never	32	59.3
	Sometimes	5	9.3
	Always	17	31.5
5. How often do you rinse your mouth while chewing?	Never	20	37.0
	Sometimes	15	27.8
	Always	19	35.2
6.a Do you chew more in the morning than the rest of the day?b	Yes	7	13.0
	No	45	83.3
	Can quit any chew	1	1.9
7. Which chew would be most difficult to give up? b	1st in morning	4	7.4
	Any other	3	5.6
	Not sure	4	7.4
	Can quit any chew	43	79.6
8. What is the length of the chewing day?	< 14.5 hours	46	85.2
	14.5–15.5 hours	6	11.1
	> 15.5 hours	2	3.7
9. Do you use chew even if you have wounds in your mouth?	Yes	15	27.8
	No	34	63.0
	Not sure	5	9.3
10. On average, how many minutes do you keep the chew in your mouth?	1–10 min	32	59.2
	11–20 min	11	20.4
	21–30 min	8	14.8
	> 30 min	3	5.6
11. Do you keep the chew in your mouth most of the time?	Yes	4	7.4
	No	50	92.6
12. Do you experience strong cravings for chew if you go > 2 hours without chewing?	Yes	13	24.1
	No	41	75.9
13. On average, how many chews do you take each day? b	1 to 3	28	51.9
	4 to 6	15	27.8
	7 to 12	9	16.7
	>12	2	3.7
14. When is your first chew of the day? c	Morning	44	81.5
	Afternoon	9	16.7
	Evening	1	1.9
15.a When is your last chew of the day? c	Morning	0	0.0
	Afternoon	9	16.7
	Evening	45	83.3

All items based on n = 54

^aItems 2, 3, and 6 based on n = 53 due to missing data

^bOriginal FTQ items modified for areca use

^cMorning = before noon; Afternoon = noon to 5 pm; Evening = after 5 pm