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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jul 25.
Published in final edited form as: Addiction. 2010 Jul;105(7):1303–1310. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.02952.x

Table 3.

Dependence Scale Scores and Topography as a Function of STDS Score

STDS Score Range n Mean STDS Score Mean CDS-5 Score Areca per day Age Initiation Years Chewing
0 25 0.0 7.6 2.2 27.4 10.6
1 to 5 19 2.7 11.4 3.9 29.9 13.6
6 to 10 10 7.8 14.4 3.8 30.9 23.0
11 to 19 3 13.0 21.0 5.0 28.7 28.0

Based on N=57

STDS = Smokeless Tobacco Dependence Scale

CDS = Cigarette Dependence Scale