Table 1.
List of plant materials, inversion type in the psbD-trnT region, and seed germination
| Taxon | Accession number* (code) | Country | Inversion type† | Seed germination |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ingroup | ||||
| Subgenus Ceratotropis (Piper) Verdc. | ||||
| Section Angulares N.Tomooka & Maxted | ||||
| Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi | Azn/90-J-41 (Van-2) | Japan | I | Hypogeal |
| V. angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi var. angularis | Aza/88-J-26 (Van-1) | Japan | I | Hypogeal |
| V. angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi var. nipponensis (Ohwi) Ohwi & H.Ohashi | Azn/91-J-14 (Van-3) | Japan | I | Hypogeal |
| I | Hypogeal | |||
| Azn/96-B-02 (Van-4) | Bhutan | |||
| V. aff. angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi var. nipponensis (Ohwi) Ohwi & H.Ohashi | Azn/01-My-05 (Van-5) | Myanmar | I | Hypogeal |
| V. nepalensis Tateishi & Maxted | NI 971 (Vne-1) | India | I | Hypogeal |
| NI 1704 (Vne-2) | Nepal | I | Hypogeal | |
| V. tenuicaulis N. Tomooka & Maxted | Azte/01-My-8 (Vten-1)‡ | Myanmar | I | Hypogeal |
| Azte/01-My-9 (Vten-2)‡ | Myanmar | I | Hypogeal | |
| V. aff. minima (Roxb.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi | Azr/01-My-01 (Vmn-1) | Myanmar | I | Hypogeal |
| V. aff. minima (Roxb.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi | Azr/01-My-04 (Vmn-2) | Myanmar | I | Hypogeal |
| V. minima (Roxb.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi | NI 1363 (Vmn-3)‡ | Indonesia | I | Hypogeal |
| V. nakashimae (Ohwi) Ohwi & H.Ohashi | Azm/01-My-04 (Vnk-1) | Myanmar | I | Hypogeal |
| Azm/96-J-01 (Vnk-2) | Japan | I | Hypogeal | |
| V. riukiuensis (Ohwi) Ohwi & H.Ohashi | Azr/91-O-01 (Vri-1) | Japan | I | Hypogeal |
| NI 1635 (Vri-2) | Japan | I | Hypogeal | |
| V. hirtella Ridley | Azh/01-My-03 (Vhi-1) | Myanmar | I | Hypogeal |
| Azh/00-My-01 (Vhi-2) | Myanmar | I | Hypogeal | |
| NI 1394 (Vhi-3 )‡ | Thailand | I | Hypogeal | |
| Azh/06-C-01 (Vhi-4)‡ | China | I | Hypogeal | |
| Azh/06-C-04 (Vhi-5)‡ | China | I | Hypogeal | |
| V. umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi | Azu/03-Th-01 (Vum-1) | Thailand | I | Hypogeal |
| Azu/01-My-04 (Vum-2) | Myanmar | I | Hypogeal | |
| V. exilis Tateishi & Maxted | Aze/01-My-01 (Vxi-1) | Myanmar | I | Hypogeal |
| Aze/01-My-02 (Vxi-2) | Myanmar | I | Hypogeal | |
| V. trinervia (B. Heyne ex Wight & Arn.) Tateishi & Maxted | Aztr/01-My-09 (Vtrn) | Myanmar | II | Hypogeal |
| V. reflexo-pilosa Hayata var. reflexo-pilosa | Azp/92-O-01 (Vrp-1) | Japan | II-i | Hypogeal |
| V. reflexo-pilosa Hayata var. glabra (Roxb.) N.Tomooka & Maxted | Azp/03-V-02 (Vrp-2) | Vietnam | II-i | Hypogeal |
| Section Ceratotropis N.Tomooka & Maxted | ||||
| V. radiata (L.) R. Wilczek var. radiata | Azd/My-004178 (Vrd-1) | Myanmar | II | Epigeal |
| V. radiata (L.) R. Wilczek var. sublobata (Roxb.) Verdc. | Azd/00-My-01 (Vrd-2) | Myanmar | II | Epigeal |
| NI634 (Vrd-3)‡ | India | II | Epigeal | |
| V. mungo (L.) Hepper var. mungo | Azg/My-003935 (Vmg-1) | Myanmar | II | Epigeal |
| V. mungo (L.) Hepper var. silvestris Lukoki, Maréchal & Otoul | NI 969 (Vmg-2)‡ | India | II | Epigeal |
| V. grandiflora (Prain) Tateishi & Maxted | NI 1721 (Vgrd-1)‡ | Thailand | II-ii | Epigeal |
| Azgr/06-Th-01 (Vgrd-2)‡ | Thailand | II-ii | Epigeal | |
| Azgr/06-Th-02 (Vgrd-3)‡ | Thailand | II-ii | Epigeal | |
| Section Aconitifoliae N.Tomooka & Maxted | ||||
| V. aridicola N.Tomooka & Maxted | 3227/Kew (Vari)‡ | Sri Lanka | II | Epigeal |
| V. aconitifolia (Jacq.) Maréchal | Azc/95-I-01 (Vac) | India | II-iii | Epigeal |
| V. stipulacea Kuntze | Azt/01-My-02 (Vst-1) | Myanmar | II | Hypogeal |
| Azt/01-My-04 (Vst-2) | Myanmar | II | Hypogeal | |
| V. trilobata (L.) Verdc. | Azt/96-I-01 (Vtb-1) | India | II | Epigeal |
| NI 453 (Vtb-2)‡ | Sri Lanka | I | Epigeal | |
| Outgroup | ||||
| Subgenus Vigna Savi | ||||
| V. unguiculata (L.) Walp var. unguiculata | Vuc/My-4208 (Out-1) | Myanmar | II-ii | Epigeal |
| V. marina (Burm.) Merr. | Vgm/90-O-01 (Out-2) | Japan | I | Epigeal |
| Subgenus Haydonia (Wilczek) Verdc. | ||||
| V. venulosa Baker | NI 548 (Out-3)‡ | Liberia | I | Epigeal |
| Subgenus Plectotropis (Schum.) Baker | ||||
| V. kirkii (Baker f.) J.B.Gillett | NI 448 (Out-4)‡ | Congo | I | Epigeal |
* NI, National Botanical Garden of Belgium; Kew, Royal Botanical Garden, Kew.
† Inversion type – see text. In the psbD-trnT region.
‡ Sequencing of the trnT-trnL region in this study.