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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Bone. 2011 Jun 1;49(3):319–327. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.05.023

Figure 1. Activation of FoxO transcription factors by ROS.

Figure 1

Phosphorylation of FoxOs by Akt leads to the nuclear export of FoxOs and inhibition of FoxO-mediated transcription. ROS, via JNK or Mst1 activation, phosphorylate FoxOs at different residues, promote FoxOs nuclear translocation, and activation of transcription. ROS also promote FoxOs acetylation and deacetylation via Sirt1 activation. Finally, ROS promote the association between FoxOs and β-catenin which enhances FoxO-mediated transcription. Bim-1, Bcl-2-like protein 11; DBE, DAF-16 binding element; Fas-L, Fas ligand; GADD45, Growth Arrest and DNA Damage 45; MnSOD, Manganese Superoxide Dismutase.