Table 13.

Inosine

Paper	Animal model and injury model	Intervention and timing	Experimental groups	Reported outcomes: Histologic/biochemical/physiological Behavioral
Conta Spinal Cord2008	Model: “Adult” Female Long-Evans Rats Injury: T9/T10 NYU Impactor 10g × 25 mm	Inosine IP • 100 mg/kg starting @ 15min or 3w PI, then twice daily for 1 week Inosine SQ • 100 mg/kg starting @ 15min PI, then twice daily for 6 weeks	SCI + • Inosine IP (n = 10) • Inosine SQ (n = 8) • Vehicle (n = 28)	Histologic/Biochemical/Physiological: Reduced the volume fraction of ED1 positive profiles around the lesion site only in the group with continuous 6 week inosine delivery. Behavioral: Not reported.
Bohnert J Neurotrauma2007	Model: Female Guinea Pigs, ∼400g Injury: T10 Lateral Hemisection	Inosine SQ through an osmotic minipump • 10 mM at 0.25 μL/h for 1 month started @ 3 months PI	SCI + • Inosine • Vehicle n = 15/group	Histologic/Biochemical/Physiological: Retrograde and anterograde tracing of spinal cord tracts indicated that inosine induced regenerative sprouting of ascending and descending tracts up to the lesion site. This regeneration was enhanced when inosine therapy was combined with oscillating field stimulation (OFS). Behavioral: 5 months after injury or 2 months after treatment, Inosine mediated a significant recovery of CTM receptive fields.
Liu Spinal Cord2006	Model: Male SD Rats, 200–220g Injury: T8-T9 Clip Compression 95g × 1 min	Inosine IP • 75 mg/kg @ 2h, 12h or 24h	SCI + • Inosine • Saline n = 6/group	Histologic/Biochemical/Physiological: At 3 days post injury, Inosine given as late as 12h, significantly reduced apoptosis (TUNEL labeling) and degenerative areas in the spinal cord (H&E stain). Behavioral: Not reported.

SCI: spinal cord injury; h: hour, hours; w: week, weeks; PI: post-injury;

T8: thoracic vertebra 8; IP: intraperitoneal; SC: subcutaneous;

CTM: cutaneus trunci muscle; SD rats: Sprague-Dawley rats.