Downregulation of miR-29 in C-HCV. Fold change in mature miR-29 levels relative to control uninfected livers. A, miR-29 levels in C-HCV patients measured by multiplex qRT TaqMan miRNA profiling. B, Individual qRT-PCR validated miR-29 downregulation in HCV-infected needle biopsies (Pearson's correlation between A and B: miR-29a, r = .653 P = .0010; miR-29b, r = .623 P = .0019; miR-29c, r = .752 P < .0001). Mean ± standard error of the mean (s.e.m.); three independent measurements. (C-G) HCVcc infection reduces miR-29, and miR-29 inhibits HCV. Fold change of (C), miR-29a, (D) miR-29b and (E) miR-29c in HCVcc-infected cells relative to mock-infected cells. Average of two independent experiments in triplicate. Mean ± s.e.m. (F) Huh7.5 cells were treated with miR-29 mimic or negative control mimic (control-pre-miR) and infected with HCVcc. Fold change in HCV RNA relative to control-pre-miR. Representative experiment from three independent experiments in triplicate. Mean ± s.e.m. (G) Cytotox-Fluor cytotoxicity assay. Positive control, 30 μg/ml digitonin. Average of three independent experiments in triplicate. Mean ± s.e.m. * indicates a P value < .05 for all panels.