Table 1.

Cognitive and behavioral examples of valuation, inhibitory control, and rule use in different social contexts across development.

	Early childhood	Middle childhood	Adolescence
Valuation
Family	Mom is mad because she yelled; dad is happy because he smiled	Dad will be more likely to help me after dinner than before	She is in a good mood. Now I will ask her for the car
Peer (same-sex)	He is nice because he laughs	I want to play with her because she has an awesome toy	He will take me to lots of parties because he is on the football team
Peer (opposite-sex)	She is mean because she's bossy	He will be fun if other girls are around	He may not be handsome, but he is funny
Inhibitory control
Family	Don't hurt your sister	Play quietly	Don't scream at your parents
Peer (same-sex)	Don't play with other kids’ toys	Don't be chicken	Don't let them know you like stuffed animals
Peer (opposite-sex)	Don't push	Don't cry in front of them	Don't kiss her
Rule use
Family	We can't play in here	Dad will buy me ice cream, but mom won't	Tease your brother and his friends, but not when mom is around
Peer (same-sex)	Share your toys	Talk about sports; play word games	The clothes you wear define your group
Peer (opposite-sex)	In our game, I’ll be the girls, you be the boys	Boys don't do girl things, and girls don't do boy things	To flirt sit close, make eye contact, and laugh