Table 2.
Genes not previously reported to be regulated by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)
| Response | Response | ||||||
| Gene | 1 hour | 6 hours | 24 hours | Gene | 1 hour | 6 hours | 24 hours |
| Cellular communication | Cell cycle regulator | ||||||
| Gadd45g | Up*** | Up* | Up* | Calcyclin binding protein (CACYBP) | Up* | No | Up* |
| cdc2 | No | Up* | Up* | E2F transcription factor 5 (E2f5) | Down* | Down* | Down* |
| Hsp84-1 | No | Up* | Up* | Cancer | |||
| Junctional adhesion molecule (Jam) | No | Up* | Up* | Suppression of tumorigenicity 13 | No | Up* | Up* |
| Catenin α1 (Catna1) | No | Up* | Up* | Candidate tumor suppressor p33 ING1 | No | Up* | Up* |
| Signal transduction | Transport | ||||||
| NFKBIL2 gene for IκBR | No | Down*** | Down** | Solute carrier family 4 | Up** | Up** | Up* |
| GTPase-activating protein GIT1 | Up* | Up* | No | ATPase, H+ transporting (ATP6J) | No | Up* | Up* |
| Ras-GTPase-activating SH3 binding | Up** | No | Up* | Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase I | Up* | Up*** | Up** |
| Ikki | Down* | Down* | Down* | Microtubular dynamics | |||
| Iqgap1 | Up* | Up** | Up** | Kinesin light chain 1 (Klc1) | Up* | No | Up* |
| Milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 protein | No | Up* | Up** | Microtubule-associated protein 4 | Up** | Up** | Up** |
| Tnfrh1 gene | Up* | No | Up* | Ubiquitin and elongation factors | |||
| Intracellular components | Ubiquitin-specific protease 5 (Usp5) | Up** | Up* | Up* | |||
| Actinin α3 (Actn3) | Up* | Up** | Up* | Elongation factor 1-alpha (EF 1-α) | No | Up** | Up*** |
| Actin-related protein 2/3 complex | Up* | Up* | Up* | Chaperone | |||
| Unconventional myosin-15 gene | Up* | No | Up** | Ccth gene for chaperonin | Up* | Up* | Up** |
| Nonmuscle tropomyosin 5 | No | Up* | Up* | Chaperonin subunit 7 (Cct7) | Up* | Up* | Up** |
| Melanoma X-actin (Actx) | No | Up* | Up** | Enzyme | |||
| Tropomyosin isoform 2 | No | Up* | Up** | Phosphoserine aminotransferase | No | Down** | Down** |
| Actin-related protein 1 | No | Up* | Up** | α-methylacyl coenzyme (Macr1) | No | Down** | Down** |
| Karyopherin β3 (KPNB3) | No | No | Up* | PLC-L2 for phospholipase C-L2 | No | Down** | Down** |
| β-tropomyosin 2 | No | Up* | Up*** | Fatty acid coenzyme A ligase (FACL4) | No | Down** | Down** |
| TM-4 gene for fibroblast tropomyosin 4 | No | Up** | Up** | Phospholipase A2, group 4 (Pla2g4) | No | No | Up* |
| Calpain | No | Up** | Up** | Serine/threonine kinase (Unc51.1) | No | Up* | Up** |
| Myosin light chain 2 (Mlc2) | No | Up* | No | Proteasome (Psmd13) | Up** | Up* | Up* |
| Extracellular components | Na, K-ATPase α-1 | No | Up** | Up* | |||
| Cis-Golgi matrix protein GM130 | Up** | No | Up* | Aldehyde dehydrogenase 5 (ALDH5) | Up* | Up* | No |
| α-1(XVIII) collagen (COL18A1) | No | Up* | Up** | Protein phosphatase 2A (PR 53) | Up* | No | Up* |
| Smarce1 | No | Up* | Up* | Casein kinase 1 (Csnk1e) | Up* | Up* | Up*** |
| Nucleic acid binding | Serine/threonine phosphatase-2C | Up* | No | No | |||
| HNRPM | Up* | Up* | No | Coatomer protein (Copg1) | Up* | Up* | Up* |
| Hnrpu | No | Up* | Up* | MAP kinase kinase 3b | Up** | No | No |
| Hnrnpc | Up* | Up* | Up* | Protein phosphatase 1 (Ppp1cc) | No | Up* | No |
| Damage-specific DNA binding (Ddb1) | Up* | Up** | Up*** | Na, K-ATPase β-subunit | No | Up** | Up* |
The genes presented were upregulated (up) or downregulated (down) at least 2.5-fold (*2.5-fold to fourfold, ** fourfold to sixfold, *** above sixfold) and were not found in a Medline search in which the gene name and TGF-β1 were used as keywords. The genes are grouped according to their involvement in specific cellular functions.