Table 1. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and results of TB diagnostics in 311 adults with suspected pulmonary TB.
| Characteristica | All Participants (n = 319) | Smear Microscopy, MGIT Culture, and Susceptibility (n = 311) | NAAT Performed Directly on Sputum | ||
| MTBDRplus (n = 283) | LCTB (n = 280) | Xpert MTB/RIF (n = 205) | |||
| Demographics | |||||
| Age in years, mean (range) | 32 (19–75) | 32 (19–75) | 32 (19–57) | 32 (19–57) | 32 (19–56) |
| Male gender, number (%) | 188 (59) | 185 (59%) | 165 (58) | 161 (58) | 115 (56) |
| Clinical signs and symptoms at presentation | |||||
| Duration of cough in weeks, mean (range) | 4.1 (0–12) | 4 (0–12) | 3.9 (0–12) | 4.0 (0–12) | 3.9 (0–12) |
| Night sweats | 287 (90) | 281 (90) | 256 (90) | 253 (90) | 186 (90) |
| Loss of weight | 314 (98) | 307 (98) | 278 (98) | 275 (98) | 202 (99) |
| Chest pain | 314 (98) | 307 (98) | 278 (98) | 275 (98) | 201 (98) |
| Concurrent extrapulmonary TB symptoms | 31 (10) | 30 (10) | 26 (9) | 26 (9) | 25 (12) |
| Pyrexial at presentation | 53 (17) | 52 (17) | 45 (16) | 47 (17) | 37 (18) |
| HIV-related information | |||||
| Agreed to HIV testing | 274 (86) | 269 (86) | 244 (86) | 243 (86) | 175 (85) |
| Tested positive | 220 (70) | 215 (69) | 197 (70) | 195 (70) | 143 (70) |
| Tested positive: on ART at presentation | 17 (5) | 17 (5) | 12 (4) | 11 (4) | 8 (4) |
| Tested positive: mean CD4 count, cells/µl (n, range) | 214 (166, 0–818) | 217 (162, 0–818) | 215 (151, 0–818) | 214 (149, 0–818) | 221 (109, 0–818) |
| Refused testing | 43 (14) | 42 (13) | 38 (14) | 36 (13) | 30 (15) |
| Tested negative | 54 (17) | 54 (17) | 47 (17) | 48 (17) | 32 (16) |
| Bacteriological classification b | |||||
| Smear- and culture-positive | 88 (28) | 88 (28) | 82 (29) | 81 (29) | 54 (26) |
| Smear-negative, culture-positive | 32 (10) | 32 (10) | 28 (10) | 28 (10) | 19 (9) |
| Smear-negative, culture-negative | 166 (52) | 166 (53) | 150 (53) | 148 (53) | 115 (56) |
| Smear-negative, culture contaminated | 17 (5) | 17 (5) | 16 (6) | 16 (6) | 11 (5) |
| Clinical classification | |||||
| Definite TB | 120 (38) | 120 (39) | 110 (39) | 109 (39) | 73 (36) |
| Probable TB | 4 (1) | 3 (1) | 2 (1) | 2 (1) | 1 (1) |
| Possible TB | 51 (16) | 50 (16) | 45 (16) | 44 (16) | 40 (20) |
| No TB | 57 (17) | 58 (19) | 50 (18) | 48 (17) | 37 (18) |
| Indeterminate TB status (on TB drugs) | 31 (10) | 30 (10) | 29 (10) | 29 (10) | 22 (11) |
| Lost to follow-up, not on TB drugs | 56 (18) | 50 (16) | 47 (17) | 48 (17) | 32 (15) |
| M.tb case detection | |||||
| Percent with indeterminate resultsc, number/total (percent) | NA | 19/311 (6.1) | 10/283 (3.5) | 0/280 (0) | 12/205 (5.9) |
| Percent positive among those with valid results, number/total (percent) | NA | 120/292 (41) | 83/273 (30) | 88/280 (31) | 67/195 (34) |
| Detection of RIF and/or INH resistance d | |||||
| RIF resistance, number/total done (percent) | NA | 5/89 (6) | 8/273 (3) | NA | 7/195 (4) |
| INH resistance, number/total done (percent) | NA | 7/89 (8) | 10/273 (4) | NA | NA |
| MDR (INH+RIF resistance), number/total done (percent) | NA | 2/89 (1.0) | 3/273 (1)e | NA | NA |
a
Values are number (percent) unless otherwise indicated.
b
One case was smear-positive, culture-negative, and two cases were smear-positive, culture contaminated.
c
No indeterminate smear results; for MGIT culture, indeterminate = contaminated; for Xpert MTB/RIF, indeterminate = error or other result.
d
MGIT susceptibility testing done on selected isolates including all cultures where NAAT tests detected resistance.
e
Two cases were culture-positive with phenotypic-confirmed MDR; a third case was culture-negative.
NA, not applicable.