Table 1. Patient characteristics (n=209).

Covariate	Frequency (%)
Gender
Male	181 (86.6)
Female	28 (13.4)
Age
Average	66.6
SD	10.3
Race
Asian	6 (2.9)
Black	11 (5.3)
Hispanic	10 (4.8)
White	182 (87.1)
Tumor Length
Average (cm)	5.3
SD	2.5
Histology
Adenocarcinoma	158 (75.6)
Squamous cell carcinoma	51 (24.4)
Tumor Grade
G1 well diff.	2 (1.0)
G2 moderately diff.	96 (45.9)
G3 poorly diff.	110 (52.6)
GX undetermined	1 (0.5)
Reasons for no surgery
Poor medical condition	73 (34.9)
Technically unresectable	69 (33.0)
Patient's choice	45 (21.5)
Deterioration after chemoradiation	22 (10.5)

SD denotes standard devition;