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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Subst Abuse Treat. 2011 Apr 12;41(2):193–200. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2011.03.001

Table 2. Client demographic characteristics by study cohort.

Baseline (N=196) P4P Incentive (N=274)
Gender (% male) 79% 83%
Race/Ethnicity
 Caucasian 18% 19%
 African American 81% 80%
 Other 1% 1%
Referred by Criminal Justice 79% 83%
Primary Drug Used
 Alcohol 49% 52%
 Marijuana 22% 21%
 Opiates 13% 13%
 Cocaine 15% 13%
 Other Drugs 1% 1%