Table 2.
ORs for albuminuria associated with candidate items for inclusion in a self-assessment tool[nijsje 3]
| Candidate Item | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) for albuminuria | |||
| Unadjusted | Backward selection | Final Model | |
| Age (linear term, per 5 y) | 1.18 (1.13 – 1.22) | 1.17 (1.14 – 1.20) | 1.17 (1.15 – 1.19) |
| Age (quadratic term, per 5 y) | 1.014 (1.005 – 1.024) | 1.025 (1.016 – 1.034) | 1.025 (1.016 – 1.034) |
| Age (cubic term, per 5 y) | 0.999 (0.996 – 1.003) | -- | -- |
| African-American | 1.78 (1.64 – 1.93) | 1.40 (1.29 – 1.53) | 1.42 (1.30 – 1.55) |
| Men | 1.23 (1.14 – 1.34) | 1.30 (1.20 – 1.42) | 1.29 (1.18 – 1.40) |
| < High school education | 1.75 (1.56 – 1.95) | -- | -- |
| Physically inactive | 1.47 (1.35 – 1.60) | 1.14 (1.05 – 1.25) | -- |
| Alcohol consumption | |||
| No | 1 (reference) | -- | -- |
| Yes, < 2 drinks per day | 0.73 (0.66 – 0.80) | -- | -- |
| Yes, ≥ 2 drinks per day | 0.82 (0.68 – 0.99) | -- | -- |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Former | 1.18 (1.08 – 1.29) | ||
| Current | 1.52 (1.35 – 1.70) | 1.53 (1.37 – 1.72) | 1.55 (1.38 – 1.74) |
| Family history of ESRD | 1.48 (1.32 – 1.65) | 1.29 (1.14 – 1.45) | - |
| Self-rated health | |||
| Excellent | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Very good | 1.28 (1.10 – 1.49) | ||
| Good | 2.06 (1.80 – 2.39) | 1.27 (1.16 – 1.41) | 1.30 (1.19 – 1.44) |
| Fair | 3.30 (2.83 – 3.85) | 1.57 (1.40 – 1.79) | 1.66 (1.48 – 1.87) |
| Poor | 3.47 (2.78 – 4.34) | 1.44 (1.15 – 1.79) | 1.58 (1.30 – 1.95) |
| Self-report of diabetes | 3.10 (2.84 – 3.37) | 2.31 (2.11 – 2.54) | 2.34 (2.14 – 2.57) |
| Self-report of hypertension | 2.43 (2.22 – 2.66) | 1.59 (1.44 – 1.76) | 1.61 (1.46 – 1.78) |
| Antihypertensive medication | 2.20 (2.02 – 2.40) | -- | -- |
| Self-report of MI | 1.88 (1.65 – 2.14) | 1.18 (1.02 – 1.37) | - |
| Self-report of stroke | 2.25 (1.95 – 2.59) | 1.40 (1.20 – 1.63) | 1.42 (1.22 – 1.66) |
| Tool Performance | |||
| C-statistic (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Backward selection | Final Model | |
| Correlation | 0.613 (0.603 – 0.623)† | 0.711 (0.701 – 0.721) | 0.709 (0.699 – 0.720) |
-- not included in the regression model[nijsje 4].
ESRD – end-stage renal disease; MI – myocardial infarction; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval
The backward selection model includes all variables associated, after multivariable adjustment, with albuminuria at a p-value <0.20.
Former and never smoking and excellent and very good self-rated health were grouped together as the referent category in the backward selection and multivariable models as the association of these variables with albuminuria was similar.
†
This c-statistic is for diabetes, the single item with the highest c-statistic in the unadjusted models.