Table 1.
Details of lunchtime purchases from fast food outlets in New York City: stores and customers in samples for 2007 and 2009 and customers seeing and using calorie information in 2009. Values are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise
| No of stores (n=168) | All receipts | Use of calorie information, 2009 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 (n=7311) | 2009 (n=8489) | P value of difference | No (n=7073)* | Yes (n=1288)* | P value of difference | Yes as proportion of total | |||
| Outlet: | 1288/8489 (15.2) | ||||||||
| McDonald’s | 45 (27) | 2454 (33.6) | 2815 (33.2) | 0.001 | 2353 (33.3) | 417 (32.4) | <0.001 | 417/2815 (14.8) | |
| Burger King | 22 (13) | 1075 (14.7) | 1223 (14.4) | 1077 (15.2) | 135 (10.5) | 135/1223 (11.0) | |||
| Wendy’s | 11 (7) | 434 (5.9) | 567 (6.7) | 481 (6.8) | 79 (6.1) | 79/567 (13.9) | |||
| Subway | 47 (28) | 1830 (25.0) | 2047 (24.1) | 1545 (21.8) | 471 (36.6) | 471/2047 (23.0) | |||
| Au Bon Pain | 2 (1) | 159 (2.2) | 150 (1.8) | 118 (1.7) | 31 (2.4) | 31/150 (20.7) | |||
| KFC | 11 (7) | 421 (5.8) | 569 (6.7) | 493 (7.0) | 66 (5.1) | 66/569 (11.6) | |||
| Popeye’s | 5 (3) | 357 (4.9) | 465 (5.5) | 414 (5.9) | 40 (3.1) | 40/465 (8.6) | |||
| Domino’s | 10 (6) | 44 (0.6) | 55 (0.6) | 52 (0.7) | 1 (0.1) | 1/55 (1.8) | |||
| Pizza Hut | 6 (4) | 81 (1.1) | 58 (0.7) | 49 (0.7) | 7 (0.5) | 7/58 (12.1) | |||
| Papa John’s | 5 (3) | 206 (2.8) | 202 (2.4) | 193 (2.7) | 7 (0.5) | 7/202 (3.5) | |||
| Taco Bell | 4 (2) | 250 (3.4) | 338 (4.0) | 298 (4.2) | 34 (2.6) | 34/338 (10.1) | |||
| Sex: | |||||||||
| Men | — | 3473 (47.5) | 4177 (49.2) | 0.047 | 3586 (50.7) | 538 (41.8) | <0.001 | 538/4177 (12.9) | |
| Women | — | 3714 (50.8) | 4194 (49.4) | 3409 (48.2) | 732 (56.8) | 732/419 (17.5) | |||
| Missing | — | 124 (1.7) | 119 (1.4) | 85 (1.2) | 19 (1.5) | — | |||
| Age (years)†: | |||||||||
| 18–24 | — | — | 1494 (17.6) | — | 1316 (18.6) | 158 (12.3) | <0.001 | 158/1494 (10.6) | |
| 25–34 | — | — | 2589 (30.5) | 2143 (30.3) | 412 (32.0) | 412/2589 (15.9) | |||
| 35–44 | — | — | 2165 (25.5) | 1782 (25.2) | 345 (26.8) | 345/2165 (15.9) | |||
| ≥45 | — | — | 1800 (21.2) | 1768 (25.0) | 350 (27.2) | 350/1800 (19.4) | |||
| Missing | — | — | 450 (5.3) | 64 (0.9) | 22 (1.7) | — | |||
| Poverty by customer residence†‡: | |||||||||
| Low | — | — | 1375 (16.2) | 1103 (15.6) | 254 (19.7) | <0.001 | 254/1375 (18.5) | ||
| Moderate | — | — | 2759 (32.5) | 2256 (31.9) | 459 (35.6) | 459/2759 (16.6) | |||
| High | — | — | 3438 (40.5) | 2992 (42.3) | 402 (31.2) | 402/3438 (11.7) | |||
| Outside city | — | — | 849 (10.0) | 686 (9.7) | 162 (12.6) | 162/849 (19.1) | |||
| Missing | — | — | 68 (0.8) | 35 (0.5) | 12 (0.9) | — | |||
| Poverty by store location‡: | |||||||||
| Low | — | 1974 (27.0) | 2521 (29.7) | 0.001 | 2023 (28.6) | 477 (37.0) | <0.001 | 477/2521 (18.9) | |
| Moderate | — | 2822 (38.6) | 3183 (37.5) | 2645 (37.4) | 489 (38.0) | 489/3183 (15.4) | |||
| High | — | 2508 (34.3) | 2784 (32.8) | 2412 (34.1) | 323 (25.1) | 323/2784 (11.6) | |||
| Description of purchase: | |||||||||
| Beverage | — | 4211 (57.6) | 4542 (53.5) | <0.001 | 3812 (53.9) | 653 (50.7) | 0.03 | — | |
| Mean (SD) No of food items | — | 1.98 (1.2) | 1.99 (1.2) | 0.53 | 2.03 (1.3) | 1.77 (1.1) | <0.001 | — | |
| Mean (SD) cost ($) | — | 4.67 (2.1) | 5.09 (2.4) | <0.001 | 5.07 (2.4) | 5.19 (2.2) | 0.07 | — | |
*Numbers do not add up to 8489 because some customers did not provide the information.
†Age and neighbourhood of residence were not collected in 2007.
‡Poverty is categorised by percentage of households in the store location or customer’s residential zip code that were below twice the national poverty level: <25% in low poverty neighbourhoods, 25%–45% in moderate poverty neighbourhoods, >45% in high poverty neighbourhoods.