Table I.
Up-regulation of mRNA Expression Levels of 40 Genes in C4-2B Cells Treated with 8.0 μg/mL and PC-3M-luc2 cells treated with 20.0 μg/mL of EENL for 24 and 48 h, Validated by Real-time PCR
| Genes | C4-2B | C4-2B | PC-3M-luc2 | PC-3M-luc2 | Assay ID | Function |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24 h | 48 h | 24 h | 48 h | |||
| ABCG1 | 3.1 ± 0.5 | 3.0 ± 1.4 | 3.4 ± 0.8 | 4.4 ± 1.7 | Hs01555190_g1 | Nucleotide binding |
| AKR1B10 | 19.2 ± 6.6 | 96.5 ± 26.8 | 19.7 ± 4.6 | 31.1 ± 2.3 | Hs00252524_m1 | Aldo-keto reductase activity |
| AKR1C2 | 39.4 ± 14.2 | 30.8 ± 12.3 | 29.5 ± 6.1 | 57.0 ± 11.5 | Hs00413886_m1 | Oxidoreductase activity |
| AKR1C3 | 15.1 ± 6.6 | 16.8 ± 4.6 | 9.9 ± 1.5 | 37.6 ± 5.6 | Hs00366267_m1 | Oxidoreductase activity |
| ALDH3A2 | 7.5 ± 2.5 | 4.1 ± 2.8 | 1.1 ± 1.1 | 9.1 ± 2.9 | Hs00166066_m1 | Aldehyde dehydrogenase |
| ALOX5 | 2.9 ± 0.7 | 3.1 ± 1.1 | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 4.6 ± 1.0 | Hs01095330_m1 | Lipoxygenase activity |
| ATF3 | 4.7 ± 2.8 | 2.9 ± 0.1 | 6.2 ± 1.4 | 19.4 ± 3.5 | Hs00231069_m1 | Transcription factor |
| CDKN1A | 6.0 ± 2.7 | 5.1 ± 1.1 | 5.0 ± 1.2 | 10.4 ± 2.3 | Hs00355782_m1 | Protein kinase inhibitor |
| CHAC1 | 4.5 ± 2.8 | 2.9 ± 0.2 | 5.2 ± 1.5 | 8.5 ± 3.3 | Hs00225520_m1 | Protein binding |
| CLU | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 2.7 ± 1.2 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | Hs00156548_m1 | Protein binding |
| CLEC7A | 2.3 ± 1.1 | 1.5 ± 2.0 | 2.5 ± 0.2 | 4.6 ± 2.7 | Hs00224028_m1 | Opsonin binding |
| CSTA | 4.3 ± 2.7 | 2.2 ± 0.3 | 2.9 ± 0.5 | 2.9 ± 0.2 | Hs00193257_m1 | Protease binding |
| CYP1A1 | 17.2 ± 5.2 | 14.2 ± 4.1 | 3.0 ± 0.2 | 8.1 ± 1.3 | Hs01054797_g1 | Monooxygenase activity |
| CYP1A2 | 5.0 ± 3.1 | 14.5 ± 2.0 | 2.7 ± 0.1 | 3.6 ± 0.8 | Hs01070374_m1 | Steroid catabolism |
| DDIT3 | 6.0 ± 3.0 | 3.6 ± 0.6 | 3.7 ± 1.2 | 12.3 ± 1.8 | Hs00358796_g1 | Nucleic acid binding |
| DMRT1 | 8.6 ± 4.1 | 5.1 ± 2.5 | 4.9 ± 0.2 | 2.6 ± 1.3 | Hs00232766_m1 | Transcription factor |
| DNAJB9 | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 1.8 | 4.1 ± 1.9 | 20.7 ± 4.7 | Hs01052402_m1 | Protein binding |
| EGR1 | 5.3 ± 1.1 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 2.4 ± 0.8 | 15.4 ± 4.0 | Hs00152928_m1 | Transcription factor |
| FOXC1 | 4.3 ± 0.4 | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 1.6 ± 1.0 | 12.1 ± 1.9 | Hs00559473_s1 | Transcription factor |
| FTH1 | 7.8 ± 3.0 | 4.5 ± 3.1 | 1.7 ± 1.2 | 17.7 ± 3.7 | Hs01694011_s1 | Ferroxidase activity |
| GCLM | 8.2 ± 3.6 | 7.0 ± 2.2 | 3.9 ± 0.1 | 4.3 ± 0.4 | Hs00157694_m1 | Glutamate-cysteine ligase |
| GPNMB | 4.5 ± 1.2 | 2.1 ± 2.2 | 3.2 ± 1.1 | 1.6 ± 1.5 | Hs01095669_m1 | Integrin binding |
| HINT3 | 2.2 ± 1.5 | 2.2 ± 0.6 | 2.8 ± 0.7 | 3.4 ± 0.5 | Hs00370872_m1 | Catalytic activity |
| HMOX1 | 15.7 ± 5.0 | 17.9 ± 4.1 | 62.1 ± 10.5 | 80.0 ± 16.6 | Hs01110251_m1 | Heme oxygenase activity |
| LAMP3 | 67.6 ± 18.9 | 31.0 ± 4.9 | 2.9 ± 0.4 | 2.1 ± 0.9 | Hs00180880_m1 | Integral to membrane |
| LY96 | 6.4 ± 0.7 | 3.6 ± 0.3 | 3.6 ± 0.4 | 6.5 ± 2.3 | Hs00209771_m1 | Receptor activity |
| MALAT1 | 2.9 ± 1.1 | 2.2 ± 0.1 | 4.3 ± 1.1 | 16.4 ± 2.1 | Hs00273907_s1 | Nucleotide binding |
| MDM2 | 3.1 ± 2.0 | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 1.9 ± 0.7 | Hs01066930_m1 | p53 binding |
| NQO1 | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 3.4 ± 1.0 | 1.3 ± 1.7 | 5.3 ± 1.9 | Hs00168547_m1 | NADPH dehydrogenase |
| S100P | 3.7 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 1.0 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 5.2 ± 2.7 | Hs00195584_m1 | Calcium-dependent protein |
| SESN2 | 4.1 ± 2.1 | 2.2 ± 0.3 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.8 | Hs00230241_m1 | Cell cycle arrest |
| SERPINB5 | 7.6 ± 3.5 | 3.7 ± 1.6 | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 7.5 ± 1.0 | Hs00184728_m1 | Enodeptidase inhibitor |
| SLC7A11 | 4.7 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 2.9 ± 0.2 | 4.4 ± 2.6 | Hs00204928_m1 | Transporter activity |
| SPINK1 | 1.4 ± 1.3 | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 4.7 ± 2.2 | 10.8 ± 3.4 | Hs00162154_m1 | Enodeptidase inhibitor |
| SPRR1A | 10.0 ± 4.2 | 4.8 ± 1.9 | 4.7 ± 1.1 | 2.0 ± 0.1 | Hs00954595_s1 | Structural molecule |
| TRIM16 | 2.8 ± 0.1 | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 3.4 ± 0.9 | 13.8 ± 2.2 | Hs00414879_m1 | DNA binding |
| TUBA1A | 5.5 ± 2.2 | 3.2 ± 1.2 | 1.8 ± 1.2 | 2.6 ± 0.6 | Hs00362387_m1 | Structural molecule |
| TXNRD1 | 3.7 ± 1.1 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 2.0 ± 1.9 | 11.3 ± 3.3 | Hs00182418_m1 | Thioredoxin reductase |
| WDR19 | 2.6 ± 0.4 | 2.2 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 10.7 ± 0.2 | Hs00228414_m1 | Transmembrane signaling |
| ZNF143 | 1.8 ± 1.9 | 1.3 ± 1.6. | 2.8 ± 1.6 | 21.9 ± 5.5 | Hs00185689_m1 | Transcription factor |
The endogenous GAPDH mRNA levels were measured as internal controls. The experiments were performed in triplicate; mean ± SD of the fold increase in the expression levels of genes compared with the respective controls were shown. Assay ID’s of the genes used for validation were from Applied Biosystems