FIG. 1.

The upper panel shows a representative WSS Map from an aorta with a coarctation. (A) There is low magnitude oscillatory WSS in the downstream region and high unidirectional WSS in the upstream region. The lower images show representative confocal images (63x) from en face mounted aortas stained for either VCAM-1 (B and C) or superoxide (D and E). The images on the left (B and D) were taken from the upstream region while the images on the right (C and E) were taken from the downstream region. (To see this illustration in color the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertonline.com/ars).