Table 2.

Bivariate logistic regression analysis of correlates of non-adherence.

	Missed dose in the past four days
	One or more (n = 53)	Never (n = 458)	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P-value
Age
More than 38 years	13 (24.5%)	205 (55.2%)	Ref
38 years or less	40 (75.5%)	253 (44.8%)	2.493 (1.299–4.787)	0.005
Gender
Male	15 (28.8%)	188 (42.3%)	Ref
Female	37 (71.2%)	256 (57.7%)	1.812 (0.966–3.401)	0.061
Marital status
Single/Divorce/	30 (57.7%)	214 (48.5%)	Ref
Widowed
Married/Remarried	22 (42.3%)	227 (51.5%)	0.691 (0.387–1.236)	0.211
Duration of ART
More than 12 months	30 (56.6%)	276 (60.3%)	Ref
12 months or less	23 (43.4%)	182 (39.7%)	1.163 (0.655–2.065)	0.607
Place of ART
District hospital	24 (45.3%)	233 (50.9%)	Ref
Rural health center	29 (54.7%)	225 (49.1%)	1.251 (0.707–2.215)	0.442
Cost of return trip
Free of charge	18 (36.0%)	204 (44.7%)	Ref
Less than 10,000 Kw	16 (32.0%)	174 (38.2%)	1.043 (0.516–2.105)	0.908
More than 10,000 Kw	16 (32.0%)	78 (17.1%)	2.325 (1.129–4.787)	0.022
Way to remember when to take ARVs
Watch	24 (46.2%)	220 (49.4%)	Ref
Clock	8 (15.4%)	68 (15.3%)	1.078 (0.463–2.511)	0.861
Mobile phone	2 (3.8%)	55 (13.4%)	0.333 (0.076–1.453)	0.144
Radio/Television	10 (19.2%)	61 (13.7%)	1.503 (0.062–3.312)	0.312
Position of the sun	8 (15.4%)	41 (9.2%)	1.789 (0.245–1.256)	0.189
Adherence support
None	15 (10.3%)	84 (18.4%)	Ref
Family	19 (35.8%)	241 (52.7%)	0.441 (0.215–0.908)	0.026
Other	19 (35.8%)	123 (28.9%)	0.806 (0.388–1.678)	0.563
Perceived stigma of taking ARVs
Never experienced stigma	37 (71.2%)	390 (85.2%)	Ref
Experienced stigma	15 (28.8%)	68 (14.8%)	2.325 (1.210–4.467)	0.011
Felt pressured to share ARVs
Never pressured	36 (69.2%)	424 (92.8%)	Ref
Felt pressured	17 (30.8%)	33 (7.2%)	5.710 (2.872–11.353)	<0.001