. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jul 27.

Published in final edited form as: Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2011 Jul;17(3):261–270. doi: 10.1037/a0023882

Table 3.

Means and Standard Deviations for Parenting Variables by Ethnic Identity Growth Trajectory Class

Parenting at Wave 4	Ethnic identity trajectory class
	MDEI		HSEI		LSEI		SDEI		SIEI		IEI

	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD
Positive family relations	2.82^a	.96	3.00 ^b	.96	2.60	.60	2.90	1.23	2.96	1.08	3.46^ab	1.09
Family conflict	3.23	1.39	3.04	1.54	3.38	1.53	2.92	.92	2.53	1.00	2.86	1.35
Perceptions of parents	3.67^c	1.01	3.74 ^d	.85	3.93	.85	3.75	1.07	4.02	.81	4.21^cd	.92
Positive reinforcement	2.72	1.51	2.74 ^e	1.00	2.28	1.08	2.50^f	1.03	2.55	1.15	3.24^ef	1.19

Note. MDEI = moderate decreasing ethnic identity; HSEI = high stable ethnic identity; LSEI = low stable ethnic identity; SDEI = significant decreasing ethnic identity; SIEI = significant increasing ethnic identity; IEI = increasing ethnic identity;

^a–f

= significant mean differences (p < .05).