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Identification of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR) metabolites in plasma of 4-HPR-treated patients and mice. (A) HPLC chromatograms showing metabolite peaks in humans (H2–H8, left) and mice (M1–M7, right). Pre-4-HPR (blue), after 4-HPR (red). (B) Structural identification of H2–H8 and M1–M7 via tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Dehydration that occurred during fragmentation of M1, H2/M2, H5/M5 and H8 is likely to involve the hydroxyl (-OH) group highlighted with red box.
