. 2008 Jul-Dec;1(2):60–65. doi: 10.4103/0973-6131.41033

Table 3.

Tower of London test contrasting GES with MES schools

n = 49		GES			MES

	Trials	Pre (mean ± SD)	Post (mean ± SD)	% changes	Pre (mean ± SD)	Post (mean ± SD)	% changes	Between groups significance
Planning time (secs)	2	4.35±0.63	3.73±0.57^*	14.253	4.31±0.55	3.94±0.52^**	8.584	0.061
	3	6.45±0.84	6.08±0.40^*	5.736	6.57±0.50	6.18±0.53^*	5.936	0.250
	4	9.59±0.57	9.22±0.55^*	3.858	9.80±0.58	9.47±0.62^*	3.367	0.034^**
	5	12.73±0.070	12.39±0.64^*	2.670	12.78±0.77	12.53±0.71^*	1.956	0.196
Execution time (secs)	2	4.90±0.47	4.22±0.42^*	13.877	4.92±0.45	4.43±0.58^*	9.959	0.030^**
	3	7.43±0.61	6.69±0.58^*	9.959	7.22±0.59	6.90±0.42^*	4.432	0.036^**
	4	11.08±0.86	10.24±0.69^*	7.581	11.04±0.82	10.51±0.65^*	4.800	0.025^**
	5	15.51±1.49	14.98±0.80^*	3.417	15.63±0.88	15.10±1.14^*	3.390	0.125
Mean total time (secs)	2	9.24±0.85	7.95±0.76	13.961	9.22±0.71	8.37± 0.83^*	9.219	0.011^**
	3	13.88±0.78	12.78±0.79^*	7.925	13.80±0.69	13.08±0.73^*	5.217	0.040^**
	4	20.67±1.16	19.47±0.96^*	5.806	20.84±1.12	19.98±0.90^*	4.126	0.004^**
	5	28.24±1.35	27.37±1.24^*	3.080	28.41±1.29	27.63±1.47^*	2.745	0.103
Number of moves	2	2.39 ± 0.36	2.11 ± 0.26^*	11.715	2.28±0.31	2.22 ± 0.31	2.631	0.051^**
	3	3.35 ± 0.40	3.09 ± 0.35^*	7.761	3.31±0.37	3.12±0.21^*	5.740	0.084
	4	4.26 ± 0.41	4.16 ± 0.30	2.347	4.37±0.46	4.20±0.37^*	3.890	0.661
	5	5.32 ± 0.37	5.07±0.14^*	4.699	5.25±0.32	5.06±0.30^*	3.619	0.880

P < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed ranks test, comparing pre- and post- values within groups

^**

P < 0.05, Mann Whitney U test comparing the two groups (Mean time = Planning time + execution time, Number of moves = Number of moves to complete the task) (GES: Yoga-based (Gurukula) system, MES: Modern education system)

*P < 0.05, Wilcoxen signed ranks test and **P <0.05, Mann-Whitney U test

(GES was significantly better than MES in the trial four of the planning time, trial two and trial three and trial four of execution time and in the trial two in mean moves.) (P < 0.005, Mann-Whitney U test)