Table 4.
Fasting plasma or serum concentrations of blood parameters, HOMA-R and HOMA-β in week 0 and week 10, and changes between week 0 and week 10 of the intervention1
| Week 0 | Week 10 | Change2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose (mmol/l) | Sucrose | 4.68±0.11 | 4.92±0.12 | 0.24±0.09 |
| Sweetener | 4.78±0.08 | 4.87±0.13 | 0.09±0.15 | |
| Insulin (pmol/l) | Sucrose | 41.8±5.3 | 53.6±7.9 | 11.8±4.93 |
| Sweetener | 37.0±5.3 | 35.8±4.8 | –1.2±3.2 | |
| Lactate (mmol/l) | Sucrose | 1.09±0.14 | 1.11±0.13 | 0.02±0.08 |
| Sweetener | 0.83±0.05 | 0.89±0.12 | 0.06±0.10 | |
| NEFA (µmol/l) | Sucrose | 595±44 | 532±35 | –63±33 |
| Sweetener | 535±53 | 524±69 | –10±80 | |
| TAG (mmol/l) | Sucrose | 1.48±0.18 | 1.75±0.243 | 0.27±0.12 |
| Sweetener | 1.07±0.12 | 1.01±0.14 | –0.05±0.17 | |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | Sucrose | 5.20±0.30 | 5.07±0.29 | –0.13±0.19 |
| Sweetener | 5.28±0.32 | 5.26±0.36 | –0.02±0.17 | |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | Sucrose | 1.31±0.06 | 1.34±0.07 | 0.03±0.06 |
| Sweetener | 1.47±0.12 | 1.47±0.13 | 0.00±0.05 | |
| Glucagon (pmol/l) | Sucrose | 3.2±0.4 | 4.0±0.5 | 0.8±0.4 |
| Sweetener | 2.9±0.4 | 3.2±0.4 | 0.4±0.6 | |
| GIP (pmol/l) | Sucrose | 8.8±2.2 | 9.8±1.73 | 1.0±2.03 |
| Sweetener | 7.6±1.9 | 5.1±1.3 | –2.5±2.2 | |
| GLP-1 (pmol/l) | Sucrose | 13.3±0.95 | 13.8±0.75 | 0.4±0.5 |
| Sweetener | 8.0±0.6 | 9.4±0.7 | 1.4±0.8 | |
| Leptin (ng/ml) | Sucrose | 19.8±2.2 | 26.9±2.24 | 7.1±1.74 |
| Sweetener | 16.1±3.4 | 15.1±2.5 | –1.0±2.1 | |
| HOMA-R | Sucrose | 1.46±0.20 | 1.96±0.29 | 0.50±0.18 |
| Sweetener | 1.32±0.21 | 1.32±0.2 | 0.00±0.15 | |
| HOMA-β | Sucrose | 26.0±3.6 | 32.9±5.5 | 6.9±3.5 |
| Sweetener | 22.1±3.4 | 20.7±3.0 | –1.4±1.8 |
1
Mean±SEM. N=12 in the sucrose group and n=11 in sweetener group. Sucrose: sucrose group, Sweetener: sweetener group, NEFA: non-esterified fatty acids, TAG: triacylglycerol, GIP: glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide-1.
2
Change is calculated as week 10 minus week 0. An ANOVA was performed with week 0 value as covariate.
3–5
Significant difference between sucrose and sweetener groups (ANOVA). 3P<0.05, 4P<0.01, 5P<0.001.