| DPP-4 inhibitors | GLP-1R agonists |
|---|---|
| Both GLP-1 and GIP enhanced | Pure GLP-1 effect |
| Increased levels of GLP-1 in | Pharmacological levels of GLP-1 physiological range |
| Limited by endogenous secretion | Not limited by endogenous secretion |
| Moderate efficacy | Enhanced efficacy |
| Well tolerated | Nausea, gastrointestinal side-effects |
| No weight change | Weight loss |
| Oral route of administration | Subcutaneous injection |
DPP-4=dipeptidyl peptidase-4; GIP=glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide; GLP-1=glucagon-like peptide 1; GLP-1R=glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor.