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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Sep 15.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Cancer. 2011 Sep 15;129(6):1493–1502. doi: 10.1002/ijc.26108

Table 2.

Risk of reflux esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma in relation to fat and cholesterol intake

Dietary intake
NI controls/all controls
(median)
NI
controls
RE All
controls
BE EAC

No. Adjusted OR
(95% CI)a
No. Adjusted OR
(95% CI)a
No. Adjusted OR
(95% CI)a
Total fat (g/day)
94.2/78.3 30 39 Ref 64 27 Ref 16 Ref
105.4/95.2 30 60 1.20 (0.47-3.04) 64 57 2.08 (0.89-4.89) 46 3.62 (1.43-9.12)
114.3/107.4 30 38 0.71 (0.25-1.97) 64 57 1.62 (0.67-3.95) 70 5.02 (1.99-12.64)
122.8/121.2 29 82 3.54 (1.32-9.46) 64 79 1.81 (0.70-4.67) 92 5.44 (2.08-14.27)
P for trend 0.03 0.35 <0.01
Saturated fat (g/day)
32.1/29.9 30 41 Ref 64 42 Ref 31 Ref
38.7/36.4 30 52 1.91 (0.75-4.89) 64 42 0.91 (0.40-2.06) 28 1.02 (0.44-2.38)
46.6/42.1 30 49 1.25 (0.47-3.31) 64 59 1.34 (0.60-2.99) 65 1.62 (0.74-3.52)
54.8/53.8 29 77 2.79 (1.11-7.04) 64 77 1.07 (0.48-2.36) 100 2.41 (1.14-5.08)
P for trend 0.07 0.75 0.01
Monounsaturated fat (g/day)
32.0/26.5 30 45 Ref 64 36 Ref 19 Ref
35.1/32.5 30 38 0.56 (0.22-1.46) 64 44 1.03 (0.45-2.38) 40 1.76 (0.73-4.25)
37.6/36.4 30 51 0.61 (0.23-1.62) 64 72 1.28 (0.55-3.01) 70 3.21 (1.30-7.96)
41.4/41.2 29 85 2.63 (1.01-6.86) 64 68 1.59 (0.64-3.96) 95 5.35 (2.14-13.34)
P for trend 0.10 0.28 <0.01
Polyunsaturated fat (g/day)
12.1/10.6 30 53 Ref 64 59 Ref 43 Ref
15.3/13.5 30 51 1.48 (0.56-3.89) 64 47 0.85 (0.38-1.94) 64 1.29 (0.59-2.82)
20.3/16.5 30 59 1.01 (0.40-2.52) 64 50 1.27 (0.53-3.06) 67 2.68 (1.23-5.85)
27.7/24.8 29 56 1.69 (0.67-4.27) 64 64 0.94 (0.40-2.17) 50 1.60 (0.73-3.49)
P for trend 0.38 0.94 0.30
Cholesterol (mg/day)
260.6/248.2 30 67 Ref 64 57 Ref 29 Ref
329.1/317.1 30 47 0.69 (0.28-1.71) 64 40 0.66 (0.30-1.46) 30 1.42 (0.62-3.23)
374.5/363.3 30 46 0.60 (0.24-1.48) 64 37 0.75 (0.32-1.76) 41 1.63 (0.69-3.83)
484.7/462.3 29 59 1.20 (0.51-2.84) 64 86 1.54 (0.73-3.23) 124 3.59 (1.71-7.54)
P for trend 0.68 0.14 <0.01

Unconditional multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).

BE, Barrett’s esophagus; EAC, esophageal adenocarcinoma; NI, Northern Ireland; RE, reflux esophagitis.

Fat and cholesterol intakes represent quartiles based on Northern Ireland controls for RE cases only, and all controls for BE and EAC cases.

a

Risk estimates adjusted for age at interview, sex, smoking status (never, former, current), body mass index 5 years prior to interview date (kg/m2), job type (manual, non-manual), education (years), energy intake (kcal), fruit intake (portions per day), vegetable intake (portions per day), alcohol intake (grams per day), Helicobacter pylori infection (seronegative, seropositive), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use 5 years prior to interview date (weekly use for 6 months or more), gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (yes, no), and location (Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland) (for BE and EAC analyses only).

P for trend across quartiles is based on the median category values being assigned to each subject within quartiles and modeled as a continuous variable.