Table 1.
Associations of baseline values of BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio with risk of coronary heart disease, ischaemic stroke, and cardiovascular disease, adjusted for baseline values of confounders and intermediate risk factors
|
Adjusted for age, sex, and smoking status |
Adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, and intermediate risk factors* |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | I2 (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | I2 (95% CI) | |
| Coronary heart disease (39 studies, 143 710 participants, 5259 cases) | ||||
| BMI | 1·29 (1·22–1·37) | 65% (52–75) | 1·11 (1·05–1·17) | 45% (20–62) |
| Waist circumference | 1·32 (1·24–1·40) | 64% (50–75) | 1·12 (1·06–1·19) | 49% (25–65) |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 1·30 (1·22–1·38) | 65% (51–75) | 1·14 (1·09–1·18) | 14% (0–42) |
| Ischaemic stroke (21 studies, 85 169 participants, 2431 cases) | ||||
| BMI | 1·20 (1·12–1·28) | 39% (0–64) | 1·06 (0·99–1·13) | 26% (0–57) |
| Waist circumference | 1·25 (1·18–1·33) | 21% (0–54) | 1·11 (1·05–1·17) | 9% (0–43) |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 1·25 (1·18–1·32) | 21% (0–53) | 1·14 (1·09–1·20) | 0% (0–47) |
| Cardiovascular disease (39 studies, 144 795 participants, 8347 cases) | ||||
| BMI | 1·23 (1·17–1·29) | 72% (61–79) | 1·07 (1·03–1·11) | 47% (23–64) |
| Waist circumference | 1·27 (1·20–1·33) | 69% (57–78) | 1·10 (1·05–1·14) | 49% (26–65) |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 1·25 (1·19–1·31) | 67% (54–76) | 1·12 (1·08–1·15) | 8% (0–38) |
HRs are presented per 4·56 kg/m2 higher BMI, 12·6 cm higher waist circumference, and 0·083 higher waist-to-hip ratio (ie, 1 SD higher baseline values). HRs were adjusted as shown, and stratified, where appropriate, by sex. Analyses were restricted to participants with BMI of 20 kg/m2 or higher and complete information on age, sex, smoking status, and intermediate risk factors. HR=hazard ratio. BMI=body-mass index.
Intermediate risk factors were systolic blood pressure, history of diabetes, and total and HDL cholesterol.